Turbulent flows. Models and numerical investigations. A review (Q1815140)

In this review the models are selected in accordance with the following criteria. 1. Only differential models are considered, that is models in which transport equations are used for the main turbulence properties: the turbulence energy, shear stress or the turbulent viscosity and a parameter involving the integral turbulence scale. According to the number of the transport equations, the models are classified as one-, two-, or three-parameter. The application of the models is restricted to flows for which the boundary layer approximation holds true. 2. The models must have been put to practical use in the analysis of particular flows, and their most efficient areas of application specified. The models must have been tested by comparison with the most reliable experimental data. The models must be highly universal, thus making it possible, without adjusting the constants entering into the model, to take into account the inlet and boundary conditions, the variations of the physical properties of the medium, and external influences. The review aims to demonstrate the potential of the turbulence models considered in relation to a wide variety of flows in boundary layers and channels, and also to draw them to the attention of users and researchers developing scientific and applied computational programs for the description and control of devices with complicated working processes in aviation and space technology and other areas.