Eigenvalues of the Laplacian under singular variation of domains -- the Robin problem with obstacle of general shape (Q1817242)

Let \(M\) be a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) with smooth boundary \(\partial M\). Assume that \(0\in M\). Let \(D\) be a domain with smooth boundary \(\partial D\) containing the origin \(\{0\}\). Assume that \(\mathbb{R}^3\backslash D\) is connected. Let \(D_\varepsilon\) be the set given by \(D_\varepsilon=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^3; \varepsilon^{-1}x\in D\}\). Let \(M_\varepsilon\) be the domain given by \(M\backslash\overline D_\varepsilon\). Let \(\mu_j(\varepsilon)\) be the \(j\)th eigenvalue of the Laplacian associated with the problem: \[ -\Delta u(x)=\lambda u(x),\;x\in M_\varepsilon,\;u(x)=0,\;x\in\partial M,\;ku(x)+(\partial/\partial\nu_x)u(x)=0,\;x\in\partial D_\varepsilon, \] where \(k>0\) is a constant and \(\partial/\partial\nu_x\) denotes the derivative along the exterior normal direction with respect to \(\partial M\). Let \(\mu_j\) be the \(j\)th eigenvalue of the Laplacian associated with the following problem: \[ -\Delta u(x)=\lambda u(x),\quad x\in M,\quad u(x)=0,\quad x\in\partial M. \] In this paper, we give a sketch of the following Theorem: Fix \(j\). Fix an arbitrary \(\tau\in(0,1)\). Assume that \(\mu_j\) is a simple eigenvalue. Then, \(\mu_j(\varepsilon)-\mu_j= k|\partial D|\varepsilon^2\varphi_j(w)^2+ O(\varepsilon^{2+\tau})\). Here \(\varphi_j(x)\) is the \(L^2\) normalized eigenfunction associated with \(\mu_j\), and \(|\partial D|\) is the surface area of \(\partial D\).