Extreme points and linear isometries of the domain of a closed *-derivation in \(C(K)\) (Q1817365)

Let \(K\) be a compact Hausdorff space and \(\delta\) be a closed*-derivation with dense domain \({\mathcal D}(\delta)\) in \(C(K)\). An open subset \(K(\delta)\) of \(K\) is defined by \(K(\delta)=\{x\in K\); there exists \(f\in {\mathcal D}(\delta)\) such that \(\delta(f)(x)\neq 0\}\) and the kernel of the linear operator \(\delta\) is denoted by \(\text{Ker}(\delta)\). \({\mathcal D}(\delta)\) becomes a Banach space under the norm \(|\;|_1\) defined by \(|f|_1=|f|_\infty+|\delta(f)|_\infty\) \((f\in {\mathcal D}(\delta))\). In this paper, surjective linear isometries of \({\mathcal D}(\delta)\) are studied and the following structure theorem for such isometries is obtained. Theorem: Let \(K_i\) be a compact Hausdorff space and let \(\delta_i\) be a closed*-derivation with dense domain \({\mathcal D}(\delta_i)\) in \(C(K_i)\) \((i=1,2)\). (1) Let \(T\) be a surjective linear isometry from \({\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\) to \({\mathcal D}(\delta_2)\). Then the following statements hold. (i) There exist a homeomorphism \(\tau\) from \(K_2\) to \(K_1\), \(w_1\in\text{Ker}(\delta_2)\) and a continuous function \(w_2\) on \(K_2(\delta_2)\) such that \(\tau(K_2(\delta_2))=K_1(\delta_1)\), \(|w_1(y)|=1\) for all \(y\in K_2\), \(|w_2(y)|=1\) for all \(y\in K_2(\delta_2)\), \[ T(f)(y)= w_1(y)f(\tau(y))\quad\text{for}\quad f\in {\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\quad\text{and}\quad y\in K_2, \] \[ \delta_2(Tf)(y)= w_2(y)\delta_1(f)(\tau(y))\quad\text{for}\quad f\in {\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\quad\text{and}\quad y\in K_2(\delta_2). \] (ii) \(T(\text{Ker}(\delta_1))= \text{Ker}(\delta_2)\). (2) Suppose that there exist \(w\in \text{Ker}(\delta_2)\) and a homeomorphism \(\tau\) from \(K_2\) to \(K_1\) such that \(|w(y)|=1\) for all \(y\in K_2\), \(\tau(K_2(\delta_2))= K_1(\delta_1)\), \(f\circ\tau\in {\mathcal D}(\delta_2)\) for all \(f\in {\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\), \(g\circ\tau^{-1}\in{\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\) for all \(g\in {\mathcal D}(\delta_2)\), and \(|\delta_2(f\circ\tau)(y)|= |\delta_1(f)(y)|\) for all \(f\in{\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\) and all \(y\in K_2(\delta_2)\). Then the operator \(T\) from \({\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\) to \({\mathcal D}(\delta_2)\) defined by \((Tf)(y)= w(y)f(\tau(y))\) for \(f\in {\mathcal D}(\delta_1)\) and \(y\in K_2\) is a surjective linear isometry. The analogous result holds for the Banach space \(({\mathcal D}(\delta),|\;|_2)\), where the norm \(|\;|_2\) is defined by \(|f|_2= \max\{|f|_\infty,|\delta(f)|_\infty\}\). Furthermore, applying these results to the closed*-derivation extending the differentiation \({d\over dt}\) on \([0,1]\), more concrete structure theorems are obtained.