A generic algebra associated to certain Hecke algebras. (Q1882983)

Let \(\Sigma_r\) denote the symmetric group on \(r\) objects, \(n\) be a nonnegative integer, and \(K\) be a field (which is usually assumed to be infinite in this paper). Of interest here are the interwining spaces \(_\lambda S_\mu=\Hom_{\Sigma_r}(M^\mu,M^\lambda)\) where \(M^\mu\), \(M^\lambda\) are permutation modules for \(\Sigma_r\) with \(\mu\) and \(\lambda\) being \(n\)-part compositions of \(r\). Of special interest are the endomorphism algebras \(\{S(\lambda)\}\) where \(S(\lambda)={ _\lambda S_\lambda}\). Each \(_\lambda S_\mu\) is naturally an \(S(\lambda)\)-\(S(\mu)\)-bimodule. There is a close connection with the Schur algebra \(S(n,r)=\text{End}_{\Sigma_r}(E^{\otimes r})\) where \(E\) is an \(n\)-dimensional \(K\)-vector space. Specifically, as a \(K\Sigma_r\)-module, \(S(n,r)\) decomposes as a direct sum over \(\{_\lambda S_\mu\}\). The goal of this paper is to initiate a study of the algebras \(\{S(\lambda)\}\) and bi-modules \(\{_\lambda S_\mu\}\) which will likely lead to a better understanding of Schur algebras. In addition, the representation theory of \(\{S(\lambda)\}\) can be viewed as an extension of the theory for \(\Sigma_r\) since \(K\Sigma_r\) may be identified with \(S(\lambda)\) in the case that \(\lambda\) is the composition of \(r\) consisting of all ones. Further, for any \(\lambda\), the authors show that knowing the dimensions of the simple \(S(\lambda)\)-modules is equivalent to knowing the characters of the simple polynomial \(\text{GL}_n(K)\)-modules for \(K\) infinite. The authors begin with some basic results on and reidentifications of these spaces which lead to new proofs of Schur-Weyl duality and some related applications. They further identify several bases including a PBW-type basis for each \(_\lambda S_\mu\). The main goal of the paper is to show that these objects arise as quotients of certain (generally infinite dimensional) generic algebras. More precisely, they consider Lusztig's modified form \(\dot{\mathfrak U}\) of the universal enveloping algebra of the general linear Lie algebra. They show that \(\dot{\mathfrak U}\) has a decomposition analogous to that of the Schur algebra mentioned above. The generic algebras of interest appear as ``diagonal'' elements \(\{\dot{\mathfrak U}(\lambda)\}\) in this decomposition and a PBW-type basis is constructed for these algebras. There are natural quotient maps \(\dot{\mathfrak U}(\lambda)\to S(\lambda)\) compatible with a PBW-basis, canonical basis, and cell structure. A smaller collection of generic algebras can be obtained by instead using the modified form for the special linear Lie algebra. Finally, in this latter case, one would like to identify these generic algebras as endomorphism algebras of induced modules. It is shown that each generic algebra can at least be embedded densely in such an algebra.