The structure of smooth algebras in Kapranov's framework for noncommutative geometry (Q1887482)

Consider an associative, unital algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(0\). The commutator filtration \(F_n\), described in detail in this paper, gives rise to a terminology of nilpotency analogous to the ordinary filtration \(\underline{m}\supseteq\underline{m}^2\supseteq{\underline{m}^3}\supseteq\cdots\) of local commutative rings with maximal ideal \(\underline{m}\). \textit{M. Kapranov} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 505, 73--118 (1998; Zbl 0918.14001)] used this nilcommutative (NC) theory to develop a theory of nilcommutative \(d\)-smooth algebraic varieties. The present paper focuses on the affine part of Kapranov's work: Kapranov proved that there exists a unique tower of surjective homomorphisms \[ \cdots\twoheadrightarrow R_d\twoheadrightarrow\cdots\twoheadrightarrow R_d\twoheadrightarrow R_1\twoheadrightarrow R_0=A \] for any fixed smooth commutative algebra. This article studies the structure of the algebras \(R_d\) and the associated graded Poisson algebras \(GR_d:=\oplus_{n=0}^d F_n R_d/F_{n+1}R_d\). The Poisson envelope \(PA\) of \(A\) is graded, and Kapranov proved that there is a canonical map \[ PA/P_{>d}A\rightarrow GR_d \] turning out to be an isomorphism. This article proves that if \(R_d\) is any nilcommutative algebra of order \(d\) such that \(R_d/F_1A=A\) and such that the above canonical map is an isomorphism, then \(R_d\) is \(d\)-smooth. This means that to give a \(d\)-smooth algebra \(R\) with \(R/F_1R=A\) is the same as to give an associative multiplication \[ \phi=\sum_{r=0}^d\phi_r:PA/P_{>d}A\otimes P/P_{>d}A\rightarrow P/P_{>d}A \] with \(\phi_r\) homogeneous of degree \(r\). For a local \(k\)-algebra \((A,\underline{m})\) the author gives a canonical construction which produces an associative product for each regular system of parameters \(X=\{x_1,\dots,x_n\}\subset\underline{m}\) satisfying the requirements for \(\phi\) above. This product gives a local characterization of \(R_d\). The construction of the product uses a local isomorphism of \(A\)-modules \[ PA\cong S^AL_+^A\Omega_A^1,\text{}(n\geq 0). \] Kapranov stated that there is an analogous global isomorphism, but due to the author, there is a gap in his proof. The author repairs the gap locally, and also proves under which conditions it holds globally. The article gives a nice introduction to Poisson algebras and the Poisson envelope of a commutative algebra. The construction of the associative product above is given in detail, called the ``local quantization of the Poisson envelope''. In addition to the previous mentioned results, chapter 3 contains an interesting Poisson analogue of the commutator filtration. This filtration is in some sense equivalent to the commutator filtration, and contains what is sufficient to prove the results.