A relative of the Thue-Morse sequence (Q1894002)

The authors study some properties of the sequence \(C\) of integers defined as follows: \(n\) belongs to \(C\) if and only if \(2n\) does not belong to \(C\). In particular, the expression of the generating function of this sequence is given as a simple product. This paper points out the connection between \(C\) and the Thue-Morse sequence, which counts modulo 2 the sum of the digits of the binary expansion of any integer. Namely, the lengths of the blocks of zeros and ones in the Thue-Morse sequence are given by the first difference of \(C\). It is also proved that the characteristic function of \(C\) can be obtained by a Toeplitz transform. Furthermore, a new solution of problem E 2850 of the Am. Math. Mon. is given here: the sequence \(C\) takes the value \(3k/2\) for infinitely many integers \(k\) and its growth rate satisfies: \(C_k = 3k/2 + O (\log k)\). Finally, some of these results are extended to the following generalization \(C^{(\alpha)}\) of \(C\): \(n\) belongs to \(C^{(\alpha)}\) if and only if \(\alpha n\) does not belong to \(C^{(\alpha)}\).