Solutions of the differential equation \(x^ 2y''=(x^ 3+a_ 2x^ 2+a_ 1x+a_ 0)y\) by Kovacic's algorithm (Q1897532)

This paper is concerned with the possibility to express the solutions of the linear second-order differential equation given in the title in terms of elementary functions for certain values of the parameters. It must be noticed that this is a classical problem and a systematic study was given in 1894 by \textit{F. Klein} [Vorlesungen über lineare Differentialgleichungen der zweiten Ordnung (1894), p. 40] and \textit{M. Böcher} [Über die Reihenentwicklungen der Potentialtheorie (1984), p. 193; see \textit{E. L. Ince}, Ordinary differential equations (1927; JFM 53.0399.07), Chapter XX]. Using the ideas of \textit{J. J. Kovacic} [J. Symb. Comput. 2, 3-43 (1986; Zbl 0603.68035)], the authors propose an algorithm to obtain explicitly the solutions in terms of elementary functions.