Local properties of a classical singular function and spectrum of a string (Q1901923)

As usual, a function \(f\) (different from constant) of bounded variation on \([a, b]\) is said to be singular on \([a, b]\) if \(f'(x)= 0\) for almost all \(x\in (a, b)\), and we call it classical singular on \([a, b]\) if, in addition, this function is continuous and the sum of lengths of its constancy intervals is equal to \(b- a\). We should note that the constancy intervals are non-extendible. It is well-known that a classical singular function has a countable set of constancy intervals. The main results of this article are the following theorems: Theorem A. Let \(M\) be a non-decreasing classical singular function on \([a, b]\), and let \(\ell_1, \ell_2,\dots\) be the lengths of its constancy intervals \(E_1, E_2,\dots\) enumerated in non-increasing order. Let \(r\mapsto \chi (r)\) be any upward convex non-decreasing function on \([0, + \infty)\) such that \(\chi(0)= \chi(+ 0)= 0\). If \[ \sum^\infty_{n= 1} \chi\Biggl(n^{-2} \sum^\infty_{j= n+ 1} \ell_j\Biggr)< \infty,\tag{1} \] then for \(M\)-almost all \(x\in (a, b)\), \[ \lim_{s\downarrow 0} s\chi^+((M(x+ s)- M(x- s))s)= 0,\tag{2} \] where \(\chi^+\) is a right derivative of the function \(\chi\). Theorem B. Let \(M\in \uparrow [a, b]\) be a singular function, its continuous part \(M_c\) be a classical singular function with the constancy intervals of lengths \(\ell_1, \ell_2,\dots\) satisfying condition (1). Let \(\chi\) be the same as in Theorem A. Then for \(M\)-almost all \(x\in (a, b)\) relation (2) is valid. (Symbols \(\uparrow K\) and \(\downarrow K\), where \(K\subset R\), denote sets of functions which do not decrease or increase, respectively, on \(K\)).