An explicit estimate of exponential sums associated with a cubic polynomial (Q1912652)

Let \(p\) be an odd prime and \(\alpha>1\). The author derives an explicit estimate for the exponential sum \[ S(f;p^\alpha)= \sum_{x,y\text{ mod }p^\alpha} e^{2\pi if(x,y)/p^\alpha}, \] where \(f(x,y)= ax^3+ bx^2y+ cxy^2+dy^3+ ex+my+ n\in\mathbb{Z}[x,y]\) has non-zero coefficients in its cubic terms: Let \(\delta=\max\{\text{ord}_p, 3a\text{ord}_pb, \text{ord}_pc, \text{ord}_p3d\}\), where \(\text{ord}_px\) denotes the highest power of \(p\) dividing \(x\), then \[ |S(f;p^\alpha)|\leq \min\{p^{2\alpha}, 4p^{{3\alpha\over 2}+\delta}\}. \] This estimate generalizes and improves earlier results of the author.