The countable homogeneous universal model of \(B_ 2\) (Q1914058)

An algebra \(A\) is algebraically (existentially) closed in a class \(K\) of algebras, if every finite system of polynomial equations (and inequalities) with parameters in \(A\) that is solvable in some extension \(B\) of \(A\) in \(K\), is solvable in \(A\). A (countable) algebra \(A\) is homogeneous if any isomorphism between finite subalgebras of \(A\) can be extended to an automorphism. Eventually, a countable algebra \(A\) from \(K\) is universal, if any finite or countable algebra from \(K\) can be embedded into \(A\). A distributive \(p\)-algebra \(A\) is an algebra \((A;\vee, \wedge,{}^*, 0,1)\) such that \((A;\vee, \wedge,0,1)\) is a bounded distributive lattice and the unary operation \({}^*\) satisfies \(x\leq a^*\) if and only if \(x\wedge a=0\). Let \(B_2\) denote the four-element lattice with an additional new unit element. Then \(B_2\) is a distributive \(p\)-algebra. Let \(K_2\) denote the quasivariety of distributive \(p\)-algebras generated by \(B_2\). Clearly, \(K_2= \text{ISP} (B_2)\). The second author characterized the algebraically closed [Algebra Univers. 15, 126-141 (1982; Zbl 0507.06009)] and the existentially closed [J. Symb. Logic 47, 680-688 (1982; Zbl 0494.03023)] algebras in all subvarieties of distributive \(p\)-algebras. In this paper, the authors show that: (1) The axioms characterizing the algebraically (existentially) closed algebras from \(K_2\) given by the second author in the above mentioned papers, can be reduced so that the new sets of axioms are independent. (2) From general considerations it is known (see \textit{S. Burris} [J. Symb. Logic 49, 68-74 (1984; Zbl 0599.03033)] or \textit{V. Weispfenning} [Arch. Math. Logik Grundlagenforsch. 19, 23-29 (1987; Zbl 0408.03024)]) that \(K_2\) contains a unique countable homogeneous universal algebra. In the paper under review this algebra is constructed. The main tool is a topological duality.