Conjugacy separability of 1-acylindrical graphs of free groups. (Q1925744)

From the introduction: ``A group \(G\) is called conjugacy separable if every conjugacy class is closed in the profinite topology on \(G\). This is a natural strengthening of the notion of residual finiteness, which asserts that the conjugacy class \(\{1\}\) is closed. A longstanding open problem in geometric group theory asks whether every (word-)hyperbolic group is residually finite, and it is equally natural to extend this question to ask which hyperbolic groups are conjugacy separable.'' The main theorem, Theorem~A, asserts that the fundamental group of any finite, 1-acylindrical graph of free groups with finitely generated edge groups is conjugacy separable. (A graph of groups is \(k\)-acylindrical if only the trivial element of the fundamental group fixes a subset of the Bass-Serre tree of diameter greater than \(k\). If the groups considered are finitely generated then they are hyperbolic.) Theorem~B, a conjugacy separable version of the Rips contruction, is an algorithm that takes as input a finitely presented group \(Q\) and outputs a short exact sequence \(1\to N\to\Gamma\to Q\to 1\) such that \(N\) is finitely generated and \(\Gamma\) is hyperbolic, torsion-free, and conjugacy separable. As remarked by the authors, this result has been obtained independently by \textit{A. Martino} and \textit{A. Minasyan}, [Forum Math. 24, No. 5, 889-909 (2012; Zbl 1270.20051)]. Theorem~C states that there exists a finitely presented, conjugacy separable group \(G\) with a finitely presented, residually finite subgroup \(H\) such that the inclusion \(H\hookrightarrow G\) induces an isomorphism on profinite completions but the conjugacy problem is unsolvable in \(H\). In particular, \(G\) is conjugacy separable but \(H\) is not, yet \(G,H\) have isomorphic profinite completions. Thus conjugacy separability cannot be detected from a residually finite, finitely presented group's profinite completion. Theorem~D considers another class of hyperbolic groups, namely \(C'(1/6)\) one positive relator groups, proving that they are conjugacy separable.