Three remarks on a question of Aczél (Q1925802)

Answering the problem posed by J. Aczél during the 47th international symposium on functional equations in 2009, the author determines the monotonic solutions of the functional equation \[ f\left( x^{2}R\right) ={k \over 2xR} f \left( x\right) , \quad x\in \left( {1 \over R},\infty \right), \] where \(R,k\) are positive constants. The main result says that (i) if \(k=2\), then the only monotonic solutions are \(f(x) ={\lambda \over xR}\) for \(\lambda \in {\mathbb R}\); (ii) if \(k<2\), then there are infinitely many, even differentiable, monotonic solutions other than given by J. Aczél. Moreover, the continuous and continuously differentiable solutions are described.