On the best approximations of functions defined on zero-dimensional groups (Q1933277)

The article is devoted to the best approximation in \(L^p(G)\) spaces with \(G\) -- a zero-dimensional compact commutative group. First, the author introduces necessary notions, such as characters, periodicity, a complete orthonormal system \(\left\{\chi_n\right\}_0^\infty\) of functions with respect to the Haar measure on \(G=\left\{g\right\}\). Then, for polynomials \(P_n\) on this orthonormal system, the following inequality \[ \|P_n\|_q\leq C(p,q)\left(n+1\right)^{1/p-1/q}\|P_n\|_p,\quad 1\leq p<q\leq\infty, \] is proven. This inequality is a generalization of well-known inequalities for trigonometric polynomials obtained by Jackson and Nikol'skii. It is known that, if \(G\) satisfies the second axiom of countability then \[ L^{p_1}(G)\subset L^{p_2}(G),\quad 1\leq p_1<p_1\leq\infty. \] More interesting is that the inverse embedding holds if a certain condition on the best approximations, i.e., \[ E_n^{(p)}(f)=\inf_{\left\{a_k\right\}}\left(\int_G\left|f(g)-\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}a_k\chi_k(g)\right|^p\,d\mu(g)\right)^{1/p}, \] is satisfied. Namely, the following statement is obtained. { Theorem.} Let \(G\) be a zero-dimensional compact commutative group, and let the following condition be satisfied for some \(1\leq p<q\leq\infty\): \[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{q/p-2}\left(E_n^{(p)}(f)\right)^q<\infty. \] Then the embedding \(L^q(G)\subset L^p(G)\) is true, and the inequality \[ \|f\|_q\leq C(p,q)\left(\left|\int_G f(g)\,d\mu(g)\right|^q+\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{q/p-2}\left(E_n^{(p)}(f)\right)^q\right)^{1/q} \] holds. Furthermore, Fourier series with respect to the system \(\left\{\chi_n\right\}_0^\infty\), as well as polynomials of the best approximation are investigated. The authors obtain an upper estimate for an approximation of a function by the following means \[ U_r\left(f;\Lambda;g\right)=\sum_{k=0}^r\lambda_{r,k} c_k(f)\chi_k(g), \] where \(c_k(f)\) are Fourier coefficients of \(f\), and \(\Lambda=\left\{\lambda_{r,k}\right\}_{0\leq r,k<\infty}\) is a triangular matrix with \(\lambda_{r,0}=1\) and \(\lambda_{r,k}=0\) for \(k>r\). Finally, some important relations between best approximations and the modulus of continuity of \(f\) are discovered. The article should be interesting for specialists in approximation theory, abstract harmonic analysis, operator theory, functional analysis, etc.