Polynomial identities for the Jordan algebra of upper triangular matrices of order 2 (Q1936121)

The authors study the polynomial identities of the Jordan algebra \(UJ_2(K)\) of upper triangular matrices of order 2 over an infinite field \(K\), \(char K \neq 2\). The interest in studying such identities arises from the role played by the associative algebra \(UJ_n(K)\) in the general PI-theory, so that the problem of extending their study to a more general nonassociative setting, as for instance that of Jordan algebras, appears naturally. In this paper, firstly all possible gradings on the Jordan algebra \(UJ_2(K)\) by the group \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) are described and then basis of the corresponding ideals of graded identities obtained. Next ordinary, i.e. nongraded, identities are considered under the additional restriction of the base field \(K\) having also characteristic different from 3, and again a basis of the ordinary polynomial identities for the Jordan algebra \(UJ_2(K)\) provided. The given description of the basis elements allow the authors to identify all proper unitary subvarieties of \(var(UJ_2(K))\), whose codimensions turn out to have polynomial growth unlike the codimensions of \(UJ_2(K)\) behaving like \(2^k\). Finally a number of open problems, mainly related to the generalization of the above results to \(UJ_n(K)\), is listed.