2-graded polynomial identities for the Jordan algebra of the symmetric matrices of order two (Q536021)

Let \(K\) be an infinite field of characteristic different from 2. The Jordan algebra \(J_2\) of the symmetric \(2\times 2\) matrices over \(K\) has two natural \(\mathbb Z_2\)-gradings. The even component of the first grading is spanned by the identity matrix \(I\) and the matrix \(a=e_{11}-e_{22}\) and the odd component is spanned by \(b=e_{12}+e_{21}\). The even component of the second (scalar) grading is spanned by \(I\) and the odd component is spanned by \(a\) and \(b\). The \(\mathbb Z_2\)-graded polynomial identities of any \(\mathbb Z_2\)-grading of \(J_2\) coincide with the \(\mathbb Z_2\)-graded polynomial identities for one of these two gradings. In the paper under review the authors have found bases for these identities in each of the two cases. In the nonscalar case the result and its proof are given in the language of associators. In the scalar case the authors employ methods and results from characteristic free invariant theory. The result in the scalar case is extended to the description (including explicit finite bases) of the \(\mathbb Z_2\)-graded identities for one of the \(\mathbb Z_2\)-gradings on the Jordan algebra \(B_n\) of a symmetric bilinear form in a vector space \(V_n\) of dimension \(n\), \(n=1,2,\ldots ,\infty\). The even part of this grading consists only of the scalars. In fact this result describes the weak Jordan polynomial identities for the pair \((B_n,V_n)\).