Weyl groups of fine gradings on matrix algebras, octonions and the Albert algebra. (Q1939295)

The authors show that for each grading given by \(\Gamma\): \(\mathcal A= \oplus_{g\in G}\mathcal A_g\) on a nonassociative algebra \(\mathcal A\) by an Abelian group \(G\), there exist two subgroups of \(\Aut(\mathcal A)\): the automorphisms that stabilize each component \(\mathcal A_g\) (as a subspace) and the automorphisms that permute the components. In the case of a Cartan decomposition of a semisimple complex Lie algebra, this is the automorphism group of the root system, i.e., the so-called `extended' Weyl group (the Weyl group of \(\Gamma\) is meant to be the quotient of the last of the two subgroups previously cited by the first one). Under these conditions, a grading is called `fine' if it cannot be refined. In the paper, the authors compute the Weyl groups of all fine gradings on three different types of algebras, all of them defined over an algebraically closed field \(\mathbb F\): matrix algebras \(M_n(\mathbb F)\), the algebra of octonions (the Cayley algebra) and the Albert algebra (of characteristic different from 2 in this last case).