On arithmetic models and functoriality of Bost-Connes systems. With an appendix by Sergey Neshveyev (Q1941068)

The spectral interpretation of the nontrivial zeroes of the Riemann zeta function can be traced back to B.~Riemann himself. Such an interpretation was critical in proving the Riemann Hypothesis for projective varieties over the finite fields (P.~Deligne). To approach the Riemann Hypothesis in characteristic zero, \textit{J.-B.~Bost} and \textit{A.~Connes} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 1, No. 3, 411--457 (1995; Zbl 0842.46040)] introduced a \(C^*\)-dynamical system \((A_{\mathbb Q}, \sigma_t)\) consisting of a noncommutative \(C^*\)-algebra \(A_{\mathbb Q}\) built upon the field of rational numbers \({\mathbb Q}\) and a one-parameter group \(\sigma_t\) of continuous automorphisms of \(A_{\mathbb Q}\) depending on the parameter \(t\in {\mathbb R}\). It was proved that the so-called partition function \(\text{Tr}(e^{-\beta H})\) of the \(C^*\)-dynamical system (here \(0<\beta<\infty\) and \(H\) a self-adjoint operator) coincides with the Riemann zeta function. Moreover, for \(\beta>1\) the values at extreme points of the Choquet simplex of the \(KMS_{\beta}\) states generate the maximal abelian extension of the field \({\mathbb Q}\). Such a construction was later called an ``arithmetic model'' of the Bost-Connes system \((A_{\mathbb Q}, \sigma_t)\) and successfully extended to the imaginary quadratic fields \(K={\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{-d})\) using theory of complex multiplication, see [\textit{A.~Connes, M.~Marcolli} and \textit{N.~Ramachandran}, Sel. Math., New Ser. 11, No. 3--4, 325--347 (2005; Zbl 1106.58005)]. In the paper under review, the author extends the arithmetic models to abelian extensions of arbitrary number fields \(K\) using the Bost-Connes systems associated to \(K\) constructed in [\textit{E.~Ha} and \textit{F.~Paugam}, IMRP, Int. Math. Res. Pap. 2005, No. 5, 237--286 (2005; Zbl 1173.82305)]. The main tool to prove such a result are the so-called endomotives and a remark of \textit{M.~Marcolli} in [\(p\)-Adic Numbers Ultrametric Anal. Appl. 1, No. 3, 217--263 (2009; Zbl 1236.46067)]. In the second part of the paper, the author establishes a functoriality between number fields and their Bost-Connes systems. The uniqueness of arithmetic models is proved by Sergey Neshveyev in the appendix to the paper. The article makes a good reading with a rich mix of different ideas and techniques ranging from dynamical systems to motives (in the sense of A.~Grothendieck), which is applied with ingenuity to solve a concrete difficult problem. The text is based on a doctoral thesis of the author supervised by Eric Leichtnam; a draft is available at \url{arXiv:1105.5022}.