Degenerate resonances and their stability in two-dimensional systems with small negative divergence (Q1945215)

Suppose an analytic system \[ \dot x = f(x)\tag{1} \] on \({\mathbb R}^2\) with a cycle \(x_0\) of least period \(T\) is perturbed to the analytic system \[ \dot x = f(x) + \epsilon g(t, x, \epsilon),\tag{2} \] where \(g\) is \(T\)-periodic. Write the Poincaré map for (2) as \[ P_\epsilon(\varphi(x, \epsilon)) = \varphi(x, \epsilon) + \epsilon^\lambda f_0(x) + \epsilon^{2\lambda} f_{00}(x) + \dots, \] \(\lambda \in (0, 1]\), \(\varphi(\cdot, \epsilon)\) a suitable one-to-one change of variables. Suppose that \(x_0(0)\) is a zero of \(f_0\) so that bifurcation of the cycle \(x_0\) can occur. The authors state that, if there is a neighborhood \(V\) of \(x_0\) and an \(\epsilon_0 > 0\) such that the divergence of (2) is negative on \(V\) for \(\epsilon \in (0, \epsilon_0)\), if every solution of (1) in \(V\) is \(T\)-periodic, and if \(\text{ind}(x_0(0), -f_0) > 0\), then there exists a possibly smaller \(\epsilon_0 > 0\) such that, for every \(\epsilon \in (0, \epsilon_0)\), the perturbation (2) has at least one asymptotically stable \(T\)-periodic solution \(x_\epsilon\) that satisfies the condition \(x_\epsilon \to x_0\) as \(\epsilon \to 0\). They state an analogous theorem in the case that no solution of (2) in \(V\) other than \(x_0\) is \(T\)-periodic. They outline the proof and give an illustrative example for each theorem.