Triangles and groups via cevians (Q1945668)

For a given triangle \(T=ABC\) and a real number \(\rho\) there exist three points \(A_1\), \(B_1\), \(C_1\) which are determined by \(\overrightarrow{BA_1}=\rho\overrightarrow{BC}\), \(\overrightarrow{CB_1}=\rho\overrightarrow{CA}\), \(\overrightarrow{A C_1}=\rho\overrightarrow{AB}\). All considerations in the paper under review are based on the fact that there is a triangle \(A^{\prime}B^{\prime}C^{\prime} \) whose side lengths are equal to the lengths of the concurrent cevians \(AA_1\), \(BB_1\), \(CC_1\) of the original triangle. The new triangle \(A^{\prime}B^{\prime}C^{\prime} \) called Ceva's triangle is also denoted by \(\mathcal{C}_{\rho} (T)\). In this way the operator \(\mathcal{C}_{\rho} (T):ABC \longrightarrow A^{\prime}B^{\prime}C^{\prime} \) acting on triangles is defined. The authors prove the existence of a smallest interval \(M_{T}\subset \mathbb{R}\) such that the set \(\mathcal{C}_{\rho} (T),\,\rho \in M_{T}\) contains all Ceva's triangles up to similarity. Using the composition of operators \(\mathcal{C}_{\rho} (T),\,\rho \in \mathbb{R}\) they introduce three special group structures on \(\mathbb{R}\). Two applications of these results are given. The first application is the characterization of triangles whose set of all Ceva's triangles contains a right triangle. The second one is the investigation of pairs of triangles with the same Brocard angle.