Hardy spaces and boundary conditions from the Ising model (Q1955728)

If \(\Omega\) is a simply connected domain in the complex plane \(\mathbb C\), by conformal invariance, \(\Omega\) can be assumed to be the unit disk \(\mathbb D\). For any real-valued \(L^2\) function \(f\) on the boundary \(\partial \mathbb D\) there is a single-valued holomorphic function \(F\) on \(\partial \mathbb D\) with \(f\) as its real part on \(\partial \mathbb D\). If \(\Omega\) is a multiply connected domain, generally there is no such function \(F\). Starting from ideas from two dimensional statistical physics, suggested by studies of the Ising model, an explicit characterization in terms of a boundary condition is given for the \(L^2\) boundary values of holomorphic functions on smooth multiply connected domains in \(\mathbb C\). The proof of the main result (Theorem 1) requires a deep and nice analysis resulting from an interaction between statistical phisics and many branches of mathematics.