A generalized subspace theorem for closed subschemes in subgeneral position (Q1981585)

\textit{P. Corvaja} and \textit{U. Zannier} [Am. J. Math. 126, No. 5, 1033--1055 (2004; Zbl 1125.11022)] and the reviewer and \textit{R. G. Ferretti} [Dev. Math. 16, 175--198 (2008; Zbl 1153.11032)] obtained generalizations of Schmidt's Subspace Theorem dealing with inequalities involving higher degree polynomials instead of linear forms. Their results have been extended in various directions by several people. In the present paper, the authors obtain another generalization. Further, they prove an analogue in Nevanlinna theory, in accordance with Vojta's dictionary by which statements in Diophantine approximation can be translated into statements in Nevanlinna theory. We state only the authors' new version of the subspace theorem. We recall the notions used in the authors' main theorem. Let \(X\) be a projective variety of dimension \(n\) over a number field \(k\). Denote by \(M_k\) the set of places of \(k\). We say that closed subschemes \(Y_0,\ldots , Y_l\) of \(X\) over \(k\), with \(l\geq n\), are in \textit{\(l\)-subgeneral position} if for every choice of a subset \(J\) of \(\{ 1,\ldots , q\}\) with \(\# J\leq l+1\) we have \(\dim\left( \bigcap_{j\in J}\mathrm{Supp}\, Y_j\right)\leq l-\# J \). For a closed subscheme \(Y\) of \(X\) and a nef Cartier divisor \(A\) on \(X\), define the \textit{Seshadri constant} \(\epsilon_Y(A) :=\sup\{ \gamma\in\mathbb{Q} :\pi^*A-\gamma E\ \text{is nef}\}\), where \(\pi :\widetilde{X}\to X\) is the blowing-up of \(X\) along \(Y\) and \(E\) the exceptional divisor. For a closed subscheme \(Y\) of \(X\) over \(k\) and for \(v\in M_k\) let \(\lambda_{Y,v}\) be a Weil function associated with \(X\) and \(v\). Lastly, for a Cartier divisor \(D\) on \(X\) over \(k\) let \(h_D\) denote an associated height on \(X\). Then the authors' main theorem is as follows: Let \(S\) be a finite set of places of \(k\), \(l\geq n\), and for each \(v\in S\), let \(Y_{0,v},\ldots ,Y_{l,v}\) be closed subschemes of \(X\), defined over \(k\), in \(l\)-subgeneral position. Further, let \(A\) be an ample Cartier divisor on \(X\). Then for every \(\varepsilon >0\) there is a proper Zariski-closed subset \(Z_{\varepsilon}\) of \(X\) such that \[ \sum_{v\in S}\sum_{j=0}^l \varepsilon_{Y_{j,v}}(A)\lambda_{Y_{j,v},v}(x)<\big( (l-n+1)(n+1)+\varepsilon \big)h_A(x)\ \text{ for } x\in X(k)\setminus Z_{\varepsilon}. \] This theorem is an extension of work of \textit{G. Heier} and \textit{A. Levin} [Am. J. Math. 143, No. 1, 213--226 (2021; Zbl 1469.14015)], who considered the case \(l=n\), and of \textit{S. D. Quang} [Int. J. Number Theory 15, No. 4, 775--788 (2019; Zbl 1452.11083)], who introduced the crucial novel idea with which the authors could prove their result for general \(l\). The idea of using Seshadri constants in Diophantine approximation seems to originate from \textit{D. McKinnon} and \textit{M. Roth} [Invent. Math. 200, No. 2, 513--583 (2015; Zbl 1337.14023)].