Four-valued logics of truth, nonfalsity, exact truth, and material equivalence (Q1981990)

The paper's main aim is to axiomatize various logics obtained expanding Belnap-Dunn logic's relational signature by the predicates ExTrue, NonFalse, True, and \(\approx\) and to study the interaction between all the combinations of these predicates. Besides that, the author considers also the expansions of the signature of those logics by means of constants representing some of the elements \(\mathtt{t, f, n}\), and \(\mathtt{b}\) of the original Belnap-Dunn 4-valued logic. After an introductory section, the author recalls in Section 2 various notions and results of abstract algebraic logic, De Morgan lattices and Belnap-Dunn logic. Then, in Section 3, he axiomatizes three logical systems arising from all of the combinations of the predicates True, ExTrue, and NonFalse. In Section 4, he extends these logics by the equality predicate and, in Section 5, he axiomatizes the multiple-conclusion versions of those logics, focusing mainly on the multiple-conclusion logic of ExTrue, which is the only non-trivial case.