Dynamics of shift operators on non-metrizable sequence spaces (Q1982554)

Let \((E_m)_{m \in \mathbb{N}}\) be an increasing sequence of Fréchet spaces such that the inclusion \(E_m \subset E_{m+1}\) is continuous for each \(m \in \mathbb{N}\). The inductive limit of \((E_m)_{m \in \mathbb{N}}\), called an LF-space and denoted by \(\mathrm{ind}_m E_m\), is the union of these spaces; it is endowed with the finest locally convex topology (that is assumed to be Hausdorff) such that the inclusion \(E_m \subset E\) is continuous for each \(m \in \mathbb{N}\). A sequence \((e_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}}\) in \(E_1\) is called a stepwise Schauder basis, if it is a Schauder basis for each \(E_m\). The backward shift associated with \((e_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}}\) is a continuous linear self-map \(B\) on \(E\) defined by \(Be_1:=0\), \(Be_j:= e_{j-1}\), for \(j \geq 2\). The first part of the paper is devoted to study dynamical properties of \(B\), focusing on the stepwise Schauder basis. For any infinite subset \(I \subset \mathbb{N}\), a necessary and sufficient condition for transitivity of \((B^n)_{n \in I}\) is presented in terms of \((e_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}}\). As a consequence, it is proved that \(B\) is transitive on \(E\) iff the limit of some subsequence of \((e_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}}\) is zero in one of the spaces \(E_m\). Besides, \(B\) is topologically mixing on \(E\) iff for any infinite set \(I \subset \mathbb{N}\), there is a subsequence of \((e_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}}\) with indices in \(I\) whose limit is zero in some \(E_m\). Then the authors have proved that sequential hypercyclicity of \(B\) is equivalent to its hypercyclicity. Furthermore, if \(B\) is mixing then it is sequentially hypercyclic. Also a sufficient (but not necessary, in general) condition is presented under which \(B\) is topologically ergodic on \(E\). In the next part, the authors have considered some special LF-spaces, called Köthe coechelon spaces. Let \(V=(v^{(m)})_{m \in \mathbb{N}}\) be a decreasing sequence of strictly positive weights, and let \(v^{(m)} = (v_j^{(m)})_{j \in \mathbb{N}}\). The inductive limits of weighted Banach spaces \((l_p(v^{(m)}))_{m \in \mathbb{N}}\), \((1 \leq p < \infty)\), and \((c_0(v^{(m)}))_{m \in \mathbb{N}}\) are denoted by \(k_p(V) = k_p((v^{(m)})_{m \in \mathbb{N}})\), \(p \in [1, \infty ) \cup \{0\}\). It is proved that the backward shift \(B\) associated with the stepwise Schauder basis \((e_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}}\), given by \(e_j = (\delta _{j,l})_{l \in \mathbb{N}}\), is well-defined on \(k_p(V)\) iff it is continuous. When \(B\) is continuous, necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of \(V\), are obtained in order that \(B\) is transitive, hypercyclic, or topologically mixing on \(k_p(V)\). Also, a sufficient condition for topological ergodicity of \(B\) is obtained. In particular, \(B\) is transitive on \(k_p(V)\) iff the lower limit of some \(v^{(m)}\) is zero. It is topologically mixing iff for any infinite set \(I \subseteq \mathbb{N}\) there is a subsequence of some \(v^{(m)}\) with indices in \(I\), whose lower limit is zero. Furthermore, \(B\) is hypercyclic iff the limit of a subsequence of some \(v^{(m)}\) with indices in a thick subset of \(\mathbb{N}\) is zero. Then the authors characterized when \(B\) is chaotic on \(k_p(V)\). An equivalent condition is that \(B\) has a nonzero periodic point; another one states that some sequence \(v^{(m)}\) is in \(l_p\) when \(1 \leq p < \infty\), or is in \(c_0\) when \(p=0\). Now, let \(\psi : \mathbb{N} \longrightarrow \mathbb{N} \backslash \{1 \}\) be a bijection whose orbit at \(1\) equals to \(\mathbb{N}\), and \(w = (w_j)_{ j \in \mathbb{N} } \in \omega := \mathbb{K} ^{\mathbb{N}}\) be a weight sequence of nonzero numbers. The weighted generalized backward shift, with weight sequence \(w\) and symbol \(\psi\), is \(B_{w, \psi} : \omega \longrightarrow \omega\) given by \(B_{w, \psi} ( ( x_j )_ {j \in \mathbb{N}} ) = (w_{\psi (j)} x_{\psi (j)} )_ {j \in \mathbb{N}}\). It is shown that if \(B_{w, \psi}\) is a well-defined, continuous linear operator on \(k_p(V)\), it is conjugate to \(B\) on \(k_p(V_{w, \psi})\), in which \(V_{w, \psi}:= (v_{w, \psi}^{(m)} )_{m \in \mathbb{N}}\) where for each \(m,\; j \in \mathbb{N}\), \[ (v_{w, \psi}^{(m)})_j = \frac{v_{\psi ^{j-1}(1)}^{(m)}}{\prod _{l=1}^j |w_{\psi^{l-1}(1)}|}. \] Since all considered dynamical properties are preserved under conjugacy, similar results hold for \(B_{w, \psi}\). The paper ends with some examples and open problems. In particular, some dynamical properties of weighted generalized backward shifts on dual spaces of power series spaces of infinite type are obtained. Specially, it is shown that the annihilation operator on the dual space of \(\mathscr{S} (\mathbb{R} )\) is mixing, hypercyclic, chaotic and topologically ergodic.