Inequalities for the Schmidt number of bipartite states (Q1986554)

The article presents a lower bound for the Schmidt number of general bipartite states. The author considers the outcome states from two different operations acting on a given bipartite state: one (symmetric state) is the conjugation with the addition of identity and flip operator (i.e., swap operator, an operator that permutes the two parties); and the other is the conjugation of the subtraction of identity and flip operator (antisymmetric state). It is shown that the Schmidt number of the considered state is bounded from below by the halves of these two outcome states. From this bound, the author establishes a condition for the positivity under partial transposition (PPT) of the considered state (Proposition 2). This finding leads to a family of PPT states, with Schmidt number not more than half of the local dimension, in bipartite state space. It suggests an interesting direction in the problem of finding the best possible Schmidt number for PPT states. Later, it is shown that a relation between the rank of the two outcome states can be considered as a criterion for PPT states. In particular, if the rank square of the symmetric state is less than the rank of the antisymmetric one, then the given state is entangled. The result is provided formally as a lower bound for Schmidt number of the considered state in terms of the ranks of the state and its two marginal states (Theorem 1 and its corollaries). This is another procedure to construct an entangled bipartite state based on the correlation between symmetric and antisymmetric states, unlike the first scheme. In this paper, the main statement is clearly given, as well as the proofs, which are also brief but coherent. However, the presentation used in this paper is rather technical and might be hardly appreciated by a reader who is not working on similar problems.