Inequalities for the Schmidt number of bipartite states

Abstract: In this short note we show two completely opposite methods of constructing entangled states. Given a bipartite state

g a m m a i n M_{k} o t i m e s M_{k}

, define

g a m m a_{S} = (I d + F) g a m m a (I d + F)

,

g a m m a_{A} = (I d - F) g a m m a (I d - F)

, where

F i n M_{k} o t i m e s M_{k}

is the flip operator. In the first method, entanglement is a consequence of the inequality

e x t r a n k (g a m m a_{S}) < s q r t e x t r a n k (g a m m a_{A})

. In the second method, there is no correlation between

g a m m a_{S}

and

g a m m a_{A}

. These two methods show how diverse is quantum entanglement. We prove that any bipartite state

g a m m a i n M_{k} o t i m e s M_{k}

satisfies

d i s p l a y s t y l e S N (g a m m a) g e q m a x l e f t f r a c e x t r a n k (g a m m a_{L}) e x t r a n k (g a m m a), f r a c e x t r a n k (g a m m a_{R}) e x t r a n k (g a m m a), f r a c S N (g a m m a_{S}) 2, f r a c S N (g a m m a_{A}) 2 i g h t,

where

S N (g a m m a)

stands for the Schmidt number of

g a m m a

and

g a m m a_{L}, g a m m a_{R}

are the marginal states of

g a m m a

. We also present a family of PPT states in

M_{k} o t i m e s M_{k}

, whose members have Schmidt number equal to

n

, for any given

1 l e q n l e q l e f t l c e i l f r a c k - 1 2 i g h t c e i l

. This is a new contribution to the open problem of finding the best possible Schmidt number for PPT states.

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