On g-pseudo-contractibility of continua (Q1987228)

This work deals with some generalizations of the notion of homotopy, so let us give a couple of definitions. Definition. A continuum \(X\) is called \(g\)-contractible provided there exists a surjective map \(f:X\to X\) such that \(f\) is homotopic to a constant map. Definition. Let \(f\) and \(g\) be maps between topological spaces \(X\) and \(Y\). Then \(f\) and \(g\) are said to be pseudo-homotopic provided there exist a continuum \(C\), points \(a\), \(b\in C\), and a map \(H:X\times C\to Y\) such that \(H(x,a)=f(x)\) and \(H(x,b)=g(x)\) for all \(x\in X\). One calls such an \(H\) a pseudo-homotopy between \(f\) and \(g\). If \(g\) is a constant map, then one says that \(f\) is null-pseudo-homotopic. The notion of \(g\)-pseudo-contractibility is introduced. We note the following theorem from the paper. Theorem 3.1. Let \(X\) be a continuum. Then, \begin{itemize}\item[1.] \(X\) is contractible implies \(X\) is \(g\)-contractible. \item[2.] \(X\) is contractible implies \(X\) is pseudo-contractible. \item[3.] \(X\) is \(g\)-contractible implies \(X\) is \(g\)-pseudo-contractible. \item[4.] \(X\) is pseudo-contractible implies \(X\) is \(g\)-pseudo-contractible.\end{itemize} It is (awkwardly) remarked that none of the implications in Theorem 3.1 can be reversed. For this purpose, examples are given. Quoting the authors, ``The aim of this paper is to present general results related to \(g\)-pseudo-contractibility.'' The paper is divided into 5 sections the first two of which are an Introduction and Preliminaries. In Section 3 certain aspects of \(g\)-pseudo-contractibility are derived, e.g., being a \(g\)-pseudo-contractible continuum neither implies being a pseudo-contractible continuum nor being a \(g\)-contractible continuum. Section 4 is involved with the concept of being pseudo-contractible with respect to a space \(Y\), and in Section 5 examples are given to show that \(g\)-pseudo-contractibility is not invariant under the classes of maps that are open, monotone, light, or retractions.