Hausdorff stability of the round two-sphere under small perturbations of the entropy (Q1990258)

Let \(\Sigma\subset\mathbb R^{n+1}\) be a connected smooth hypersurface. Then its Gaussian surface area is \[ F[\Sigma]=(4\pi)^{-\frac{n}{2}} \, \int_{\Sigma} e^{-\frac{|x|^2}{4}}\, dH^n, \] where \(H^n\) is the \(n\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure on \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\). Following [\textit{T. H. Colding} and \textit{W. P. Minicozzi II}, Ann. Math. (2) 175, No. 2, 755--833 (2012; Zbl 1239.53084)], a natural geometric quantity which measures the complexity of the hypersurface \(\Sigma\) is the entropy \[ \lambda [\Sigma] = \sup_{\rho >0, \;y \in \mathbb{R}^{n+1}} F[\rho\Sigma + y], \] that is, the supremum of the Gaussian surface area over all translations and dilations of \(\Sigma\). The entropy relates to topological and metric properties of the hypersurface. For instance, the entropy of a closed hypersurface in \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\), \(n=2, \ldots, 6\), in uniquely minimized by the unit sphere \(\mathbb{S}^{n}\). The main result of the present paper is that a connected smooth closed surface \(\Sigma \subset \mathbb{R}^{3}\) whose entropy is near \(\lambda[\mathbb{S}^{2}]\) is close to a round 2-sphere in the Hausdorff distance.