Solving systems of linear equations with normal coefficient matrices and the degree of the minimal polyanalytic polynomial (Q1991768)

Let \(A\) be a normal matrix. Then the infinite sequence of matrices given by \(I, A, A^*, A^2, AA^*, (A^*)^2,A^3,\dots\) is linearly dependent and so there exists nonnegative integers \(p\) and \(q\) such that \(\sum_{i=0}^p \sum_{j=0}^q \alpha_{ij} A^i(A^*)^j=0\), where not all the \(\alpha_{ij}\) are zero. Such an equation gives rise to a polynomial, called polyanalytic polynomial, that annihilates \(A\). One may then define the minimal polyanalytic polynomial as the unique monic polyanalytic polynomial. The main result of the article is the following: Let \(m\) be the degree of the minimal polyanalytic polynomial of a normal matrix \(A\). Then the reduced form of \(A\), obtained by the generalized Lanczos process, is a band matrix whose bandwidth does not exceed \(4m-1\).