On the proper moduli spaces of smoothable Kähler-Einstein Fano varieties (Q2002633)

The authors aim to understand the geometry of the compactification of the space parameterizing smooth Fano varieties. They prove the following theorem: Theorem. Let \({\mathcal X} \to C\) be a flat family of projective varieties over a pointed smooth curve \((C,0)\) with \(0\in C\). Suppose that \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] \(K_{\mathcal X}\) is \(\mathbb Q\)-Cartier and \(-K_{{\mathcal X}/C}\) is relatively ample over \(C\); \item[(2)] for any \(t\in C^o:=C\backslash \{0\}\), \({\mathcal X}_t\) is smooth, and \({\mathcal X}_0\) is klt; \item[(3)] \({\mathcal X}_0\) is K-polystable. \end{itemize} Then \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] there is a Zariski-open neighborhood \(U\) of \(0\in C\) on which \({\mathcal X}_t\) is K-semistable for all \(t\in U\), and K-stable if we further assume that \({\mathcal X}_0\) has a discrete automorphism group; \item[(ii)] for any other flat projective family \({\mathcal X}'\to C\) satisfying (1)--(3) as above and \[{\mathcal X}'\times_C C^o\cong {\mathcal X}\times_C C^o,\] we can conclude that \({\mathcal X}_0\cong {\mathcal X}_0'\); \item[(iii)] \({\mathcal X}_0\) admits a weak Kähler-Einstein metric \(\omega_{KE}({\mathcal X}_0)\), and moreover, if we further assume that \({\mathcal X}_t\) is K-polystable for all \(t\in C^0\), then \(({\mathcal X}_0,\omega_{KE}({\mathcal X}_0))\) is the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of a family \(\{({\mathcal X}_t,\omega_{KE}({\mathcal X}_t))\}_{t\in C^o} \) as \(t\to 0\), where \(\omega_{KE}({\mathcal X}_t)\) is a Kähler-Einstein metric on \({\mathcal X}_t\) for each \(t\in C^o\). \end{itemize} The authors prove this theorem using a continuity method by proving a more general log version of this theorem. The argument is more algebro-geometric in nature, although using many analytic results. With this theorem, the authors are able to construct a proper moduli space for all \(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein smoothable, K-semistable Fano varieties. For \(N\gg 0\), let \(Z^*\) be the seminormalizatin of the locus inside \(\mathrm{Hilb}_\chi(\mathbb P^N)\) parameterizing all \(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein smoothable, K-semistable Fano varieties in \(\mathbb P^N\) with fixed Hilbert polynomial \(\chi\). Then the algebraic stack \([Z^*/SL(N+1)]\) admits a proper seminormal scheme \(\mathcal{KF}_N\) as its good moduli space. Furthermore, for sufficiently large \(N\), \(\mathcal{KF}_N\) does not depend on \(N\).