Compact moduli spaces of del Pezzo surfaces and Kähler-Einstein metrics (Q5964031)

A smooth projective surface with ample anti-canonical bundle is called a Del Pezzo surface. A log Del Pezzo surface is a normal projective surface with quotient singularities and ample anti-canonical divisor. For a log Del Pezzo surface \(X\) the intersection number \(K^2_X\) is its degree \(\text{deg}(X)\). For any dimension, a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety is a normal projective variety with log terminal singularities and with \(-rK_X\) ample for some positive integer \(r\). The Gorenstein index is the smallest such \(r\). If \(X\) is a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety, then \(X\) is said to be \(\mathbb Q\)-Gorenstein smoothable if there exists a deformation \(\pi: X\to\Delta\ni0\) of \(X\) over a smooth curve germ \(\Delta\) such that \(\mathcal{X}_0=X\), the general fiber is smooth, and \(K_X\) is \(\mathbb Q\)-Cartier. For each positive integer \(d\), let \(M^{GH}_d\) be the Gromov-Hausdorff compactification of the moduli space of Kähler-Einstein Del Pezzo surfaces of degree \(d\), and let \(M^0_d\) be the dense subset that parametrizes those smooth surfaces. \(M^{GH}_d\) is a compact Hausdorff space under the Gromov-Hausdorff topology. It is well known that for \(d\geq 5\) the moduli space is just a single point, so in this paper the authors assume that \(d\in\{1,2,3,4\}\). The main goal of this paper is to prove that the Gromov-Hausdorff compactification of the moduli space of Kähler-Einstein Del Pezzo surfaces in each degree agrees with certain algebro-geometric compactification. They show that for each integer \(d\) there is a compact moduli algebraic space \(M_d\) and a homeomorphism \(\Phi:M^{GH}_d\to M_d\) such that \([X]\) and \(\Phi([X])\) parametrize isomorphic log Del Pezzo surfaces for any \([X]\in M^{GH}_d\). Also, it is shown that \(M_d\) contains an open dense subset that parametrizes all smooth Del Pezzo surfaces of degree \(d\).