Elliptic curves over \(\mathbb{Q}_\infty\) are modular (Q2002831)

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over a number field \(F\). If the \(L\)-function of \(E\) is the \(L\)-function of a regular algebraic automorphic representation of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb A_F)\), then \(E\) is said to be modular. In this article, the author shows that all elliptic curves defined over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension \(\mathbb Q_\infty\) of \(\mathbb Q\) are modular, for any prime number \(p\). In [\textit{N. Freitas} et al., Invent. Math. 201, No. 1, 159--206 (2015; Zbl 1397.11086)], they show that for a totally real fiekd \(F\) such that \(\sqrt {5}\not\in F\), an elliptic curve \(E\) over \(F\) which is not modular determines an \(F\)-rational point of one of the following elliptic curves \(E_i\) \((i=1,2)\); \(E_1:y^2+xy+y=x^3+x^2-10x-10\), \(E_2:y^2+xy+y=x^3+x^2-5x+2\). The groups of \(\mathbb Q\)-rational points of \(E_i\) are finite. Using this and well-known results concerning modularity, the author reduces the proof of his result to proving that \(E_i(\mathbb Q_\infty)=E_i(\mathbb Q)\) for \(i=1,2\). The author shows that \(E_i(\mathbb Q)=E_i(\mathbb Q_\infty)^{\text{tors}}\) by studying the Galois representation of \(E_i\) and further that \(E_i(\mathbb Q_\infty)^{\text{tors}}=E_i(\mathbb Q_\infty)\) by using Iwasawa theory for elliptic curves.