The general linear equation on open connected sets (Q2003772)

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be the field \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\), and let \(\mathbb{F}\) be a field of characteristic zero. Let \(X\) be a topological vector space over \(\mathbb{K}\), and let \(Y\) be a vector space over \(\mathbb{F}\). Let \(n \in \{ 2,3, \dots\}\). Fix \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n \in \mathbb{K} \setminus \{0\}\), \(\beta_1,\dots,\beta_n \in \mathbb{F} \setminus \{0\}\) and a non-empty, open, connected subset \(K \subseteq X\) such that \(\sum_{i=1}^n (\alpha_i K) \subseteq K\).\par Finally let \(f:K \to Y\) for all \(x_1, \dots,x_n \in K\) satisfy that \(f\left(\sum_{i=1}^n \alpha_ix_i\right) = \sum_{i=1}^n\beta_if(x_i)\). \par Then there exist a group homomorphism \(A:X \to Y\) and \(b \in Y\), such that \(f(x) = A(x) + b\) for all \(x \in K\) and such that \(A(\alpha_ix) = \beta_i A(x)\) for all \(x \in K\) and \(i = 1, \dots, n\).\par The \(A\) and \(b\) are unique. If \(\sum_{i=1}^n \beta_i \ne 0\), then \(b = 0\). The converse of the theorem holds as well.\par A special case of the theorem comes about, when \(K\) is a non-empty, open convex cone in a topological vector space over \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(\alpha_1, \dots,\alpha_n > 0\). \par To get the theorem the authors derive a generalization of the extension theorem of \textit{F. Radó} and \textit{John A. Baker} [Aequationes Math. 32, 227--239 (1987; Zbl 0625.39007)].