Fixed points on asymmetric Riemann surfaces (Q2006911)

A Riemann surface \(X\) is called pseudo-real, or asymmetric, if it admits orientation-reversing automorphisms, but none of them has order \(2\). Those automorphisms are called asymmetries, and the order of each of them is multiple of \(4\). Those of order \(4\) are called pseudo-symmetries, and if any exists the surface is called pseudo-symmetric. The paper under review is devoted to the study of fixed points of orientation-preserving automorphisms of asymmetric Riemann surfaces of genus \(g \geq 2\). The tool for that study is the uniformization of Riemann surfaces and their automorphism groups by means of non-Euclidean crystallographic (NEC) groups. The first relevant result is the following. Let \(\delta\) be an orientation-reversing automorphism of \(X\), of order \(4k\). Then Theorem 3.2 gives the possible values of the number of fixed points of \(\delta ^2\). From this result an upper bound for that number is obtained as a function of \(\lfloor {\frac {g}{2k-1}} \rfloor\), and this bound is sharp (Corollary 3.5). In Section 4, the authors consider the so-called \(\beta\)-fixed point stable actions of \(\mathbb{Z }_{4k}\) on \(X\). That means that all automorphisms of prime order have \(2 \beta +2\) fixed points for some given non-negative integer \(\beta\). They obtain that for given \(\beta\) and \(k\) there exists an infinite sequence of genera corresponding to such actions (Proposition 4.2). When the action satisfies the above condition for all automorphisms excepting involutions, it is called \(\beta\)-exceptional fixed point stable, and these actions are studied in Sections 4 and 5. In particular, a lower bound for the number of topologically non-equivalent such actions is obtained in Theorem 5.2. Finally, Section 6 is devoted to actions without fixed points. The main result is Theorem 6.2, which gives the lower bound for the genus \(g\) of an asymmetric Riemann surface whose full groups of automorphisms, \(G\), has no fixed points, in terms of the order of \(G\). That bound is \(1 + o(G)\) or \(1 + \frac{o(G)}{2}\), according to whether \(G\) is abelian or non-abelian, and it is sharp, attained for infinitely many values of \(g\). A noteworthy consequence is that any nilpotent group of even order acts without fixed points as the full group of automorphisms of some asymmetric Riemann surface (Corollary 6.5).