Non-central fixed point free symmetries of bisymmetric Riemann surfaces (Q663525)

Let \(X\) be a compact Riemann surface of genus \(g\geq 2\). We say that \(X\) admits a pair \((0,t)_n\) if it admits a pair of symmetries \(\sigma\) and \(\tau\) such that \(\sigma\) is fixed point free, \(\tau\) has \(t\) ovals, and \(\sigma\tau\) is of order~\(n\). One of the main goals of the paper is to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on the parameters \(g\), \(\tau\), and \(n\), corresponding to a compact Riemann surface~\(X\) of genus \(g\) admitting a pair \((0,t)_n\). In Sections 3 and 4 some inequalities connecting the parameters are proved. In Theorem~3.4 the author states that if \(X\) admits the pair \((0,t)_n\), then (1)~\(t\leq 4(g-1)/n\) for \(n\equiv 0\mod 4\), \(n>4\), and the bound is attained when \(4(g-1)/n\) is even or \(n=8\); (2)~\(t\leq g\) if \(n=4\), and the bound is attained for every~odd \(g\); (3)~\(t\leq 2(g-1)/n+2\) if \(n\equiv 2\mod 4\), and the bound is attained if \(2(g-1)/n\) is an integer. In Theorem 3.5 it is proved that for every \(n>8\), \(n\equiv 0\mod 4\), there are infinitely many values of \(g\) for which \(n\) does not divide \(4(g-1)\) and there exists a Riemann surface of genus \(g\) admitting the pair \((0,[4(g-1)/n])_n\). Theorem 3.6 states that if \(X\) admits a pair \((0,t)_n\), \(n>2\), such that \(n\equiv 2\mod 4\) and \(n\) does not divide \(2(g-1)\), then \(t\leq [2(g-1)/n]+1\) and there are infinitely many values of \(g\) for which this bound is attained. In Section 4 the author investigates the number \(m\) of fixed points of the product \(\sigma\tau\). Denote \(M=2(g+n-1)/(n-1)\). In Theorem 4.4 it is proved that (1)~If there exists a Riemann surface of genus \(g\) having a pair of symmetries, at least one without ovals, with product of order \(n\) and having \(M\) fixed points, then \(n-1\) divides \(g\) and the numbers \(n\) and \(g\) are of different parity; (2)~Conversely, let \(M\) be attained as the number of points fixed by the product of order \(n\) of two symmetries one of them is fixed point free. Let \(u\) be a proper divisor of \(n\). If \(n\) is even, then every positive value \(m\) of the form \(M-4ua\), \(a\geq 0\), is also attained; in addition, if \(n\) is odd, then all the values \(m=M-2ua\) are attained. Theorem 4.5 is a generalization of Theorem 3.4 for the case when the value \(m\) of fixed points of the product \(\sigma\tau\) is known; the attainment of the bounds is described as well. At last, in Section~5 sharp estimates for the order of the product of two symmetries are given. Let \(\mu_g:\{0,1,\dots,g+1\}\to \mathbb{N}\) be a function defined as follows: \(\mu_g(q)=j\) if and only if \(2^j\) is the biggest power of 2 being realized as the order of the product of a pair of an \((M-q)\)- and a fixed point free symmetry on a Riemann surface of genus~\(g\). In Theorem 5.2 it is proved that \(\mu_g(q)\leq j\) if \(g+1-(g-1)2^{2-j}\leq q\leq g+1-(g-1)2^{1-j}\), and \(\mu_g(q)\leq 2\) if \(1\leq q\leq (g+3)/2\). Theorem 5.3 shows that the bounds are sharp. In Theorem~5.5 the case of the product of two fixed point free symmetries is investigated. It is proved that if \(g\) is odd and \(2^j-1\leq g<2^{j+1}-1\), then \(\mu_g(g+1)\leq j\) and the bound is attained if and only if \(g=2^{j+1}-1-2^{j-l}\), \(0\leq l<j\), or \(g=2^{j+1}+1-2^{j+1-l}\), \(0\leq l<j\).