On the universal unfolding of vector fields in one variable: a proof of Kostov's theorem (Q2006996)

The authors present variants of {V. P. Kostov}'s theorem [Funct. Anal. Appl. 18, 335--337 (1984; Zbl 0573.58002); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 18, No. 4, 81--82 (1984); Math. USSR, Izv. 37, No. 3, 525--537 (1990; Zbl 0738.58001); translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 54, No. 6, 1168--1180 (1990)] on a versal deformation of a parabolic point of a complex analytic 1-dimensional vector field. Such a vector field is locally analytically conjugate to any one of the following two normal forms: \((x^{k+1}-\mu x^{2k+1})\partial /\partial x\) or \((x^{k+1}/(1+\mu x^k))\partial /\partial x\). They provide a self-contained proof of Kostov's theorem, together with a proof that this versal deformation is indeed universal. They then generalize the results to the real analytic and formal cases, where they prove universality, and to the \(C^{\infty}\)-case, where they show that only versality is possible.