Quantum differentiability on quantum tori (Q2007755)

The central ingredient of the quantized calculus developed by \textit{A. Connes} [`` Noncommutative differential geometry'', Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. 62, 257--360 (1985)], which is an analogue of the algebra of differential forms in the noncommutative setting, is the notion of Fredholm module. It is a tuple \((\mathscr{A},\mathscr{H},F)\) where \(\mathscr{A}\) is a \(C^*\)-algebra represented on a separable Hilbert space \(\mathscr{H}\) and \(F\) is a self-adjoint unitary acting on \(\mathscr{H}\) such that \([F,a]\) is a compact operator on \(\mathscr{H}\) for all \(a\in\mathscr{A}\). Then the quantized differential of \(a\in\mathscr{A}\) is defined to be the operator \(da=i[F,a]\). One can quantify the smoothness of an element \(a\in\mathscr{A}\) in terms of the rate of decay of the sequence of singular values \(\{\mu_n(da)\}_{n=0}^\infty\). In the paper under review, the authors provide a full characterization of quantum differentiability on noncommutative tori (often referred to as quantum tori), and a quantum integration formula is proved. This is achieved by proving a correct version of the following formula of Connes, \[ \mathrm{tr}_\omega(|df|^d)=k_d\int_{\mathbb{T}^d}\|\nabla f(t)\|_2^d\,dt\,,\quad\,f\in C^\infty(\mathbb{T}^d)\,, \] for the noncommutative torus \(\mathbb{T}_\theta^d\). The authors define noncommutative ``homogeneous'' Sobolev spaces \(\dot{H}_d^1(\mathbb{T}_\theta^d)\), and the main result is that \(x\in \dot{H}_d^1(\mathbb{T}_\theta^d)\) if and only if \(dx\) has bounded extension in the weak-Schatten ideal \(\mathcal{L}_{d,\infty}\) (i.e., \(\mu_n(da)=O\big((n+1)^{-1/d}\big)\)). For the converse direction, an a priori assumption that \(x\in L_2(\mathbb{T}_\theta^d)\) is needed, but this is justifiable in the sense that \(L_2(\mathbb{T}^d_\theta)\) is the smallest class of \(x\) to define \(dx\) in a natural way, and the \(L_2\)-condition is necessary and sufficient for Connes' trace theorem to hold in the commutative setting.