Emerging notions of norm attainment for Lipschitz maps between Banach spaces (Q2009316)

For Banach spaces \(X, Y\), the space of globally Lipschitz maps \(f: X \to Y\) with \(f(0)=0\), equipped with the norm \[ \|f\|=\sup\left\{\frac{\| f(x_1)-f(x_2)\|}{\|x_1 - x_2\|}: x_1, x_2 \in X, \,x_1 \neq x_2 \right\}, \] is denoted by \(\operatorname{Lip}_0(X, Y)\). A map \(f \in \operatorname{Lip}_0(X, Y)\) is called strongly norm-attaining if there is a pair \(x_1, x_2 \in X\), \(x_1 \neq x_2\), such that \(\frac{\| f(x_1)-f(x_2)\|}{\|x_1 - x_2\|} = \|f\|\). Denote by \(\mathrm{SNA}(X, Y)\) the subset of all strongly norm-attaining elements of \(\operatorname{Lip}_0(X, Y)\). The definition of strong norm attainment is very natural, in particular, for linear operators it is equivalent to the attainment of the standard operator norm. In spite of this, the classical Bishop-Phelps theorem on density in \(X^*\) of the subset of norm-attaining functionals fails dramatically for Lipschitz functionals even in the one-dimensional case: \(\mathrm{SNA}(\mathbb R, \mathbb R)\) is not dense in \(\operatorname{Lip}_0(\mathbb R, \mathbb R)\). This motivates several weaker definitions of norm attainment introduced by \textit{G. Godefroy} [Pure Appl. Funct. Anal. 1, No. 1, 39--46 (2016; Zbl 1362.46026)] and \textit{V. Kadets} et al. [Banach J. Math. Anal. 10, No. 3, 621--637 (2016; Zbl 1358.46009)], which lead to some extensions of the Bishop-Phelps theorem to the case of Lipschitz maps. In the paper under review, the authors collect these notions (``attainment through a derivative'', ``attainment toward an element'', ``attainment in a direction toward an element'', and ``local attainment in a direction toward an element''), and present their mutual relations in order to verify proper inclusions. They analyse some density results for the sets of Lipschitz maps satisfying each of these properties. For instance, some characterizations of finite-dimensionality and the Radon-Nikodým property of the domain or range space in terms of the denseness of norm attaining Lipschitz maps are given. Finally, the authors introduce a ``local directional Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property'' for Lipschitz compact maps, which extends the one studied previously in [loc. cit.] for scalar-valued functions, and provide some new positive results.