Period sets of linear toral endomorphisms on \(\mathbb{T}^2\) (Q2017857)

For a torus map \(f:\mathbb{T}^m\to\mathbb{T}^m\), the set of periods of \(f\) is denoted by \[ \mathrm{Per}(f):=\{n\in\mathbb{N}: f \text{ has an periodic orbit of length }n\}, \] and the minimal set of periods of \(f\) by \[ \mathrm{MPer}(f):=\bigcap \mathrm{Per(g)}, \] where the intersection ranges over all maps \(g\) which are homotopic to \(f\). Associated with a torus map \(f:\mathbb{T}^m\to\mathbb{T}^m\), one has the first induced homology map \(f_{*,1}: H_1(\mathbb{T}^m,\mathbb{Z})\to H_1(\mathbb{T}^m,\mathbb{Z})\), which corresponds to some \(m\times m\) integer matrix \(A\). Then the linear map \(A: \mathbb{R}^m\to\mathbb{R}^m\) covers a unique algebraic endomorphism \(f_A: \mathbb{T}^m\to\mathbb{T}^m\) which is homotopic to \(f\). It is shown in [\textit{L. Alsedà} et al., Pac. J. Math. 169, No. 1, 1--32 (1995; Zbl 0843.55004)] that \[ \mathrm{MPer}(f)=Per(f_A)\setminus \{n\in\mathbb{N}: 1 \text{ is an eigenvalue of }A^n\}. \] Using some results in [loc. cit.], this paper gives a complete classification of the sets \(\mathrm{MPer}(f_A)\) and \(\mathrm{Per}(f_A)\) with \(A\in \mathrm{Mat}(2,\mathbb{Z})\), and then the classification of the minimal set of periods of torus maps on the two-dimensional torus \(\mathbb{T}^2\).