Converting immanants on skew-symmetric matrices (Q2020648)

Let \(Q_n\) be the space of complex \(n\times n\) skew-symmetric matrices, and let \(d_\chi\) and \(d_{\chi'}\) be immanants on \(Q_n\). A linear transformation \(T\) on \(Q_n\) converts \(d_\chi\) to \(d_{\chi'}\) if \(d_{\chi'}(T(X))=d_\chi(X)\) for all \(X\in Q_n\) (Condition (1)). If \(\chi=\chi'\), then \(T\) preserves \(d_\chi\). \textit{M. Budrevich} et al. [Sarajevo J. Math. 14, 143--155 (2018; Zbl 1463.15003)] proved that if \(n\ge 6\) and even, then no \(T\) converts \(d_1\) to \(d_\varepsilon\) (i.e., the permanent to the determinant). \textit{M. Purificação Coelho} and \textit{M. A. Duffner} [Linear Algebra Appl. 436, No. 7, 2536--2553 (2012; Zbl 1236.15007)] characterized \(d_\chi\)-preserving \(T\) unless \(\chi\in\{1,\varepsilon,[n-1,1],[2,1^{n-2}]\}\). The present authors allow that \(T\) is nonlinear and define the condition \(d_{\chi'}(T(A)+zT(B))=d_\chi(A+zB)\) for all \(A,B\in Q_n\), \(z\in\mathbb{C}\) (Condition (2)). If \(T\) is linear and satisfies Condition (1), then it also satisfies Condition (2). Let \(n\ge 6\) be even. Let \(P_n\) be the set of such permutations in \(S_n\) that have no cycles of odd length in the decomposition into the product of independent cycles. If there is no \(\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}\) such that \(\chi'\mid_{P_n}=\lambda\chi\mid_{P_n}\), then \(\chi\) and \(\chi'\) are not proportional on \(P_n\). In this case, the authors prove that no \(T\) satisfies Condition (2). In the proportional case, they characterize such a \(T\) that satisfies Condition (2). It turns out that \(T\) is always linear and bijective. The question about such linear bijections on \(Q_n\) that convert one immanant to another is thus completely answered in this interesting paper.