Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes systems far from equilibrium (Q2021757)

The papers deals with the investigation of Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes system, which describes the evolution of ions in a Newtonian fluid. Namely, the authors study the system \[ \partial_tc_i+u\cdot \nabla c_i = D_i \mathrm{div}(\nabla c_i + z_i c_i\nabla \Phi),\quad i=1,2,\ldots m, \] which is coupled to the Poisson equation \[ -\varepsilon\Delta \Phi = \sum\limits_{i=1}^m z_ic_i=\rho, \] and to the Navier-Stokes system \[ \partial_t u + u\cdot \nabla u - \nu \Delta u + \nabla p = -K\rho \nabla \Phi,\quad \nabla\cdot u=0, \] or to the Stokes system \[ \partial_t u - \nu \Delta u + \nabla p =- K\rho \nabla \Phi,\quad \nabla\cdot u=0. \] Here \(c_i\) is the local concentration of the \(i\)-th species of ions, \(z_i\in \mathbb{R}\) is the valence of the \(i\)-th species, \(D_i>0\) is diffusivity. \(u\) is the velocity of the fluid, \(\Phi\) is is an electrical potential created by the charge density \(\rho.\) The constant \(\varepsilon>0\) is proportional to the square of the Debye length, \(\nu>0\) is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. The constant \(K>0\) (a coupling constant with units of energy per unit mass) is proportional to the product of the Boltzmann constant \(K_B\) and the absolute temperature \(T_K.\) The potential \(\Phi\) is nondimensional so that \(\frac{K_BT_K}{e}\Phi\) is the physical electrical potential, where \(e\) is elementary charge. The charge density \(\rho\) is nondimensional so that \(e\rho\) is the physical electrical charge density. The boundary conditions for \(c_i\) and \(\Phi\) are inhomogeneous Dirichlet conditions: \[ c_i(x,t)|_{\partial \Omega}=\gamma_i(x), \] \[ \Phi(x,t)|_{\partial \Omega}=W(x), \] and for the Navier-Stokes or Stokes system the boundary condition is the homogeneous Dirichlet: \[ u|_{\partial \Omega}=0. \] The bounded connected domain \(\Omega\) is not supposed to be simply connected. The functions \(\gamma_i\) defined on \(\partial \Omega\) are given, smooth, positive time independent functions. The function \(W\) is given time independent smooth function. The authors prove a necessary and sufficient condition for global regularity of solutions to considered systems. Namely, for the Nernst-Planck-Stokes system with indicated boundary conditions the condition \[ \sup\limits_{0\leq\tau<T}\int_0^\tau \|\rho(t)\|_{L^2}^4dt <\infty \] is necessary and sufficient condition for regularity. For the Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes system with specified boundary conditions the corresponding necessary and sufficient condition for regularity of solutions is the following \[ \sup\limits_{0\leq\tau<T}\left[\int_0^\tau \|\rho(t)\|_{L^2}^4dt + \int_0^\tau \|u(t)\|_V^4dt\right]<\infty. \] On the base of these criterion for \(m=2\) the existence of global nonnegative strong solution for the Nernst-Planck-Stokes system with specified boundary conditions is proved. For the Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes system with listed boundary conditions for \(m=2\) the existence of global nonnegative strong solution under condition \[ \int_0^T \|u(t)\|_V^4dt<\infty \] is proved. Another result of the article is the following. Let \(m>2\) and \(D_1=D_2=\cdots=D_m=D>0.\) Then the Nernst-Planck-Stokes system with indicated boundary conditions has global nonnegative strong solution. The Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes system with specified boundary conditions has global nonnegative strong solution if \[ \int_0^T \|u(t)\|_V^4dt<\infty. \]