Construction of free differential algebras by extending Gröbner-Shirshov bases (Q2029010)

Let \(\mathbf{k}\) be a field of characteristic zero and \(\lambda\in\mathbf{k}\). Then a differential \(\mathbf{k}\)-algebra of weight \(\lambda\) (also called a \(\lambda\)-differential \(\mathbf{k}\)-algebra) is defined as an associative \(\mathbf{k}\)-algebra\(R\) together with a linear operator \(d:R\rightarrow R\) (called a \(\lambda\)-derivation) such that \(d(xy) = d(x)y+xd(y)+\lambda d(x)d(y)\) for all \(x, y\in R\). If \(R\) is unital, it is also required that \(d(1_{R})=0\). If \(X\) is a set, then the free (\(\lambda\)-) differential algebra on \(X\) is a \(\lambda\)-differential \(\mathbf{k}\)-algebra \((\mathcal{D}_{\lambda}(X), d_{X})\) together with the map \(i_{X}:X\rightarrow \mathcal{D}_{\lambda}(X)\) satisfying the following universal property: for any \(\lambda\)-differential algebra \((R, d_{R})\) and map \(f:X\rightarrow R\), there exists a unique homomorphism of \(\lambda\)-differential algebras \(\bar{f}:D_{\lambda}(X)\rightarrow R\) such that \(f=\bar{f}\circ i_{X}\). In this paper the authors prove composition-diamond lemmas on Gröbner-Shirshov bases for associative algebras and (\(\lambda\)-) differential algebras, including their commutative counterparts. Then the composition-diamond lemma for differential algebras is applied to obtain Gröbner-Shirshov bases for free differential algebras on algebras in both the noncommutative and commutative cases. These results, in turn, allowed the authors to obtain canonical bases for the mentioned free objects. It is shown that a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of an algebra can be ``differentially'' extended to a differential Gröbner-Shirshov basis of the free differential algebra on this algebra, in all the cases except for the ``classical'' one, namely for differential commutative algebras with weight zero, when there are obstructions to such an extension. As demonstrations, several examples are given in the cases of free differential algebras on special algebras, including commutative algebras with one generator and some finite group algebras.