Categorical Plücker formula and homological projective duality (Q2031682)

\textit{A. Kuznetsov} in [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 105, 157--220 (2007; Zbl 1131.14017)] introduced Homological Projective Duality theory. For each smooth projective variety \(X\subset\mathbb{P}^{n}\), he defines a semiorthogonal decomposition called Lefschetz decomposition, and the \textrm{HP}-dual \(X^{\natural}\) of \(X\). In the paper under review, the authors prove that if \((X,X^{\natural})\) and \((T,T^{\natural})\) are two \textrm{HP}-dual pairs, where \(X,T\subset\mathbb{P}^{n}\) are smooth varieties intersecting properly, then the derived categories of coherent sheaves \(D(X\times_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}T)\) and \(D(X^{\natural}\times_{\check{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}T^{\natural})\) admit semiorthogonal decompositions with isomorphic primitive parts. The primitive part is the component not coming from the ambient space. Kuznetsov's paper considered only the case where \(T\) is a linear subspace. The first part of the article is a nice introduction to decomposition of derived categories and to \textrm{HPD} theory. After the statement of the main result, the authors show some applications: counterexamples to the birational Torelli conjecture for Calabi-Yau threefolds and fivefolds, and a relation between the Euler characteristics of \(X\),\(T\), and their \textrm{HP}-duals. The proof of the main result is long and technical, and expands Kuznetsov's original approach, which is well explained in [\textit{R. P. Thomas}, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 97, 585--609 (2018; Zbl 1451.14052)]. Let \(\mathcal{H}\subset X\times T^{\natural}\) be defined by the incidence relation. The authors consider the embeddings \(I_{1}:D(X\times_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}T)\hookrightarrow D(\mathcal{H})\) and \(I_{2}:D(X^{\natural}\times_{\check{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}T^{\natural})\hookrightarrow D(\mathcal{H})\). They show that the pull-back \(I_{1}^{*}:D(\mathcal{H})\rightarrow D(X\times_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}T)\) is fully faithful on some subcategories coming from the Lefschetz decompositions of \(D(X)\) and \(D(T)\). The same result holds for \(I_{2}^{*}:D(\mathcal{H})\rightarrow D(X^{\natural}\times_{\check{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}T^{\natural})\), with the appropriate change of notation. The Lefschetz decompositions are not assumed to be rectangular. Finally, they prove that \(I_{2}^{*}I_{1}\) gives the isomorphism between the principal parts of \(D(X\times_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}T)\) and \(D(X^{\natural}\times_{\check{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}T^{\natural})\). The underlying idea of the proof is to consider a decomposition of the subcategory \(D(X\times_{\mathbb{P}^{n}}T)^{\perp}\subset D(\mathcal{H})\), where the pieces are nicely ordered in a ``\textit{chess board}'', and study the relations between each piece and the others pieces of the board.