Sum-product for real Lie groups (Q2031692)

Let \(G\) denote a connected real Lie group, with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. For \(x \in G\) and \(\rho > 0\), denote by \(B_G(x,\rho)\) as the ball of center \(x\) and radius \(\rho\) in \(G\). For \(A \subset G\) and \(\rho > 0\), \(A^{(\rho)}\) denotes the \(\rho\)-neighborhood of \(A\) and \(N(A,\rho)\) stands for the covering number of \(A\) by \(\rho\)-balls: \(N(A,\rho) := \min \left\{ N \in \mathbb{N} : \exists \, x_1,\dotsc, x_N \in G, \, A \subset \bigcup_{i=1}^N B_G(x_i,\rho)\right\}.\) Consider linear representations of a Lie group \(G\) over some finite-dimensional real vector space \(V\) endowed with a norm, which are called \(G\)-modules. For \(A\subset G\), \(X\subset V\) and \(s\geq 1\), denote by \(\langle A,X\rangle_s\) as the elements in \(V\) that can be obtained as combinations of sums, differences and products of at most \(s\) elements from \(A\) and \(X\). The authors prove a discretized sum-product theorem for representations of Lie groups whose Jordan-Hölder decomposition does not contain the trivial representation (Theorem 1.1, page 2128): letting \(G\) to be a connected real Lie group and \(V\in\mathcal{P}(G)\), there exists a neighborhood \(U\) of the identity in \(G\) such that, for every \(\varepsilon_0,\kappa>0\), there exist \(s\geq 1\) and \(\varepsilon>0\) such that the following holds for any positive \(\delta\) sufficiently small. Assuming \(A \subset U\) and \(X \subset B_V(0,1)\) satisfy certain three conditions, \(B_V(0,\delta^{\varepsilon_0}) \subset \langle A,X\rangle_s^{(\delta)}\). This statement can be viewed as a generalization of previous results on certain sum-products in rings.