The sigma form of the second Painlevé hierarchy (Q2032820)

The paper discusses the Painlevé II (\(w''(z)=2w(z)^{3}+zw(z)+\alpha_{1}\)) hierarchy consisting of an infinite sequence of nonlinear differential equations of form \[P_{II}^{(n)}:: \left(\frac{d}{dz}+2w\right)L_{n}\left[w'-w^{2}\right]+\mathop{\sum_{l=1}^{n-1}}t_{l}\left(\frac{d}{dz}+2w\right)L_{1}\left[w'-w^{2}\right]=zw(z)+\alpha_{n},n\geq1\] where \(t_1 , \dots, t_{n-1}\) and \(\alpha_n\) are parameters, \(L_n\) is the operator defined by the recursion relation \[\frac{d}{dz}L_{n+1}=\left(\frac{d^{3}}{dz^{3}}+4(w'-w^{2})\frac{d}{dz}+2(w'-w^{2})'\right) L_{n}, \quad L_{0}\left[w'-w^{2}\right]=\frac{1}{2},\] with boundary condition \[L_{n}[0]=0,\quad\forall n\geq1.\] As the Hamiltonian form \(H^{(n)}\) of the second Painlevé hierarchy was produced in [\textit{M. Mazzocco} and \textit{M. Y. Mo}, Nonlinearity 20, No. 12, 2845--2882 (2007; Zbl 1156.34079)] the authors were able (and this is the main result) to calculate the sigma function \(\sigma_n (z )\) for this hierarchy \(\sigma_n (z ) := H^{(n)} ( P_1 ( z),\dots, P_n ( z), Q_1 ( z), \dots, Q_n (z )) \).