On the best Ulam constant of a first order linear difference equation in Banach spaces (Q2036579)

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be either the field \(\mathbb{R}\) of real numbers or the field \(\mathbb{C}\) of complex numbers, \(X\) a Banach space over \(\mathbb{K}\), \((a_n)_{n\geq 0}\) a sequence in \(\mathbb{K}\) and \((b_n)_{n\geq 0}\) a sequence in \(X\). The main aim of this paper is to study the Ulam stability of the linear difference equation with nonconstant coefficients \[x_{n+1} = a_{n}x_{n} + b_{n}, \quad n\geq 0, x_{0}\in X.\] We say that the above equation is Ulam stable if there exists \(L \geq 0\) such that for every \(\varepsilon > 0\) and every sequence \((x_n)_{n\geq 0}\) in \(X\) satisfying \[\left\Vert x_{n+1} - a_{n}x_{n} -b_{n}\right\Vert \leq \varepsilon, \quad n\geq 0, \] there exists a sequence \((y_{n})_{n\geq 0}\) in \(X\) such that \[y_{n+1} = a_{n}y_{n} + b_{n}, \quad n \geq 0,\] and \[\left\Vert x_{n} - y_{n}\right\Vert \leq L\varepsilon, \quad n \geq 0.\] The main result of the paper is Theorem 1 that says that if \(a_{n}\neq 0\) for all \(n \in \mathbb{N}\) and \[\limsup_{n\to \infty}\frac{1}{\vert a_{n}\vert}< 1, \] then the above equation is stable in the sense of Ulam with the constant \[L = \sup_{n\in \mathbb{N}} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\vert a_{n}a_{n+1}\cdots a_{n+k}\vert}< \infty. \] Moreover, this constant \(L\) is optimal.