WDVV-type relations for Welschinger invariants: applications (Q2038544)

This paper concerns the recursive computation of real Gromov-Witten invariants using WDVV-style relations in a few four and six-dimensional examples. Classical Gromov-Witten (or GW) invariants are weighted geometric or virtual counts of holomorphic curves in complex projective varieties or symplectic manifolds with an almost complex structure. Real GW theory concerns holomorphic curves with real defining equations in complex projective varieties equipped with a complex conjugation or symplectic manifolds equipped with an anti-symplectic involution. This paper calculates a particular class of genus-zero real GW invariants, known as Welschinger invariants, in certain real symplectic four-folds and six-folds. To do the calculations, they use Jake Solomons's real variant of a classical recursive method, known as WDVV relations. Theorems 1 and 3 state the general form of the WDVV relations in four and six dimensions following their earlier results in [\textit{X. Chen}, ``Steenrod pseudocycles, lifted cobordisms, and Solomon's relations for Welschinger invariants'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1809.08919}, Theorem~1.1] and [\textit{X. Chen} and \textit{A. Zinger}, Math. Ann. 379, No. 3--4, 1231--1313 (2021; Zbl 1490.53103), Theorem~1.5]. The formulas have two versions, depending on the number of non-real marked points, and involve real and classical GW invariants. Subsequently, the examples worked out in Sections~3-8 includes the complex projective space \(\mathbb{P}^2\), \(\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1\) with two types of involution, blow-ups of \(\mathbb{P}^2\), \(\mathbb{P}^3\), and \(\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1\) with two types of involution. Several tables of invariants in low degrees are provided. The Mathematica programs implementing their recursive formulas are available from the Wolfram Foundation's Notebook Archive.