A note on the critical points of the localization landscape (Q2040236)

The problem is to find the number of critical points of the solutions to the problem \[ \Delta u=-2\ \ (x\in G\subset {\mathbb R}^2),\ \ u|_{\partial G}=0, \] i.e., the number of points at which \(\nabla u=0\). The main results are estimates from above for this number which are provided for two special classes of bounded domains. For the former class, the boundary \(\partial G\) is contained in \(\{z:\ |z|^2 = f(z) + \overline{f(z)}\}\), with \(f'(z)\) is a rational function. The latter is the class of the so-called quadrature domains. The results are sharp and the authors present examples of domains, where this bounds from above are attained. Some open problems and conjectures are exhibited.