Classifying algebras with graded involutions or superinvolutions with multiplicities of their cocharacter bounded by one (Q2040628)

The algebras considered in this paper are assumed over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0. When studying polynomial identities of such algebras it is sufficient to study their multilinear identities. Let \(F\langle X\rangle\) be the free associative algebra freely generated by the infinite countable set \(X=\{x_1,x_2,\ldots\}\) and let \(A\) be an algebra with T-ideal \(Id(A)\). Denote by \(P_n\) the vector space in \(F\langle X\rangle\) of all multilinear polynomials of degree \(n\) in the first \(n\) variables. Then the symmetric group acts on the left on \(P_n\) by permuting the variables thus turning \(P_n\) into a left \(S_n\)-module. Clearly \(P_n\cong FS_n\), the regular module. Since \(Id(A)\) is determined as a T-ideal by the intersections \(P_n\cap Id(A)\) and \(Id(A)\) is invariant under the action of \(S_n\) one may employ the theory of the representations of \(S_n\) in order to study polynomial identities. Such an approach has been widely exploited but with a modification. Since \(P_n\cap Id(A)\) tends to become very large when \(n\) is large one studies the factor module \(P_n(A)=P_n/(P_n\cap Id(A))\). A first step in studying the identities satisfied by \(A\) is to determine the dimension \(c_n(A)=\dim P_n(A)\), called the \(n\)-th codimension of \(A\). The direct computation of \(c_n(A)\) is a very hard problem and can be performed for a handful of algebras hence one studies the asymptotic behaviour of the sequence \(c_n(A)\). A more precise information about the multilinear identities satisfied by \(A\) is carried by its cocharacter sequence \(\chi_n(A)\) which is the character of the \(S_n\)-module \(P_n(A)\). But the problem of computing the cocharacters is again extremely hard. By complete reducibility one can decompose \(P_n(A)\) as a direct sum of irreducible \(S_n\)-modules (with their corresponding multiplicities), and thus get a more precise information about the cocharacter sequence. The paper under review studies the cocharacters of associative algebras graded by the cyclic group of order 2 (also called superalgebras), and equipped with a graded involution or with a superinvolution \(*\). Similarly to the ordinary case one defines codimension sequence and cohracater for superalgebras, and for algebras and superalgebras with involution, with graded involution or with superinvolution. The author studies such algebras where the cocharacter has its multiplicities bounded by 1. The author deduces Theorem 3.1 where he proves that a superalgebra with a graded (or with a super-) involution has all multiplicities of irreducible modules appearing in the cocharacter 0 or 1 if and only if the algebra satisfies a concrete identity of degree 3 plus at least one identity from each one of six sets of identities given in an explicit form. (These additional identities are all of degree 2.) Recall that the case of ordinary algebras (that is no involution or grading) was settled by \textit{A. Z. Anan'in} and \textit{A. R. Kemer} [Sib. Math. J. 17, 549--554 (1977; Zbl 0386.16003)]; the case of algebras with involution by \textit{A. Giambruno} and \textit{S. Mishchenko} [Manuscr. Math. 128, No. 4, 483--504 (2009; Zbl 1167.16015)], and that of algebras graded by a finite group by \textit{A. Giambruno} et al. [Linear Multilinear Algebra 66, No. 8, 1709--1715 (2018; Zbl 1390.16024)].