Loewner chains with quasiconformal extensions: an approximation approach (Q2046128)

The author studies a version of the Loewner equation with solutions admitting a \(k\)-quasiconformal extension to the whole Riemann sphere. A family of holomorphic maps \((f_t)_{t\geq0}\) of the unit disk \(\mathbb D=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|<1\}\) is a Loewner chain if \(f_t:\mathbb D\to\mathbb C\) is univalent for each \(t\geq0\), \(f_s(\mathbb D)\subset f_t(\mathbb D)\) for \(0\leq s<t<\infty\), and for any compact set \(K\subset\mathbb D\) and all \(T>0\) there exists a non-negative locally integrable function \(k_{K,T}:[0,T)\to\mathbb R\) such that \[|f_s(z)-f_t(z)|\leq\int_s^tk_{K,T}(\zeta)d\zeta,\;\;\;z\in K,\;\;\;0\leq s\leq t\leq T.\] A Loewner chain \((f_t)\) satisfies the differential equation \[\partial_tf_t(z)=(z-\tau(t))(1-\overline{\tau(t)}z)\partial_zf_t(z)p(z,t),\;\;\;z\in\mathbb D,\;\;\;a.e.\;t\geq0,\] where \(\tau:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb R\) is measurable, a Herglotz function \(p\) is holomorphic on \(z\in\mathbb D\) for each \(t\geq0\) and measurable on \(t\in[0,\infty)\) for each \(z\in\mathbb D\), \(p(0,t)=1\), \(\text{Re}\,p(z,t)>0\) for all \(z\in\mathbb D\) and \(t\geq0\). A function \(G(z)=(\tau-z)(1-\overline{\tau}z)p(z)\) is a Berkson-Porta representation, \(p\in\text{Hol}(\mathbb D,\mathbb C)\), \(\text{Re}\,p(z)>0\). The author proves the following general quasiconformal extension criterion. Theorem 1.1. Let \(k\in[0,1)\). Let \((f_t)\) be a Loewner chain and \((p,\tau)\) be the Berkson-Porta data associated with \((f_t)\). Denote by \(T\in[0,\infty)\) the smallest number such that \(p(\mathbb D,t)\in i\mathbb R\) for almost all \((T,\infty)\). Suppose that \(T>0\) and there is a compact subset of \(\mathbb H=\{w\in\mathbb C:\text{Re}\,w>0\}\) that contains \(p(\mathbb D,t)\) for almost all \(t\in[0,T)\), and \(p\) satisfies \[|p(z,t)-\overline{q(z,t)}|\leq k|p(z,t)+q(z,t)|,\;\;\;z\in\mathbb D,\;\;\;a.e.\;t\in[0,T),\] \(q\) is a Herglotz function. Let \((g_t)\) be a decreasing Loewner chain associated uniquely with \((q,\tau)\). Then for each \(t\in[0,T)\), \(f_t\) and \(g_t\) have continuous extension to \(\overline{\mathbb D}=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|\leq1\}\). Further, \(\Phi\) defined by \(\Phi(z)=f_0(z)\), \(z\in\mathbb D\), and \(\Phi(1/\overline{g_t(e^{i\theta}))}=f_t(e^{i\theta})\), \(\theta\in[0,2\pi)\), \(t\in[0,T)\), is a \(k\)-quasiconformal mapping on \(\{1/\overline w:w\in\overline{\mathbb C}\cap_{t\geq0}\overline{g_t(\mathbb D)}\}\) onto \(\cup_{t\geq0}f_t(\mathbb D)\).