Resolution à la Kronheimer of \(\mathbb{C}^3/\Gamma\) singularities and the Monge-Ampère equation for Ricci-flat Kähler metrics in view of D3-brane solutions of supergravity (Q2046827)

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the generalised Kronheimer construction of Kähler metrics on crepant resolutions of \(\mathbb{C}^{3}/\Gamma\) and asymptotically locally flat Ricci flat Kähler metrics on the same space in the context of the gauge/gravity correspondence. The generalised Kronheimer construction builds the crepant resolution \(Y^{\Gamma}\) of the quotient singularity \(\Gamma \subset \mathrm{SU}(3)\) by constructing a blowdown morphism \[ Y^{\Gamma} \longrightarrow \frac{\mathbb{C}}{\Gamma} \] The construction goes by building an associated quiver gauge theory, called the McKay quiver, via the representations of \(\Gamma\) and the embedding \(\Gamma \hookrightarrow \mathrm{SU}(3)\). The space \(Y^{\Gamma}\) and the Kähler metric are constructed via a Kähler quotient construction, the details of which are prescribed by the quiver. This leads to a metric on \(Y^{\Gamma}\) which coincides with the metric on the space of vacua of the quiver gauge theory. One would like to understand how this relates to the IIB supergravity solution given by D3 branes with \(Y^{\Gamma}\) equipped with Ricci flat Kähler metric as the transverse space. They provide an explicit construction of such a solution in section 2. In the paper, they provide evidence for the following conjecture. Conjecture 1.1. The Kronheimer Kähler metric \(\mathrm{ds}^{2}_{\mathrm{Kro}}[Y^{\Gamma}]\) and the Ricci-flat one \(\mathrm{ds}^{2}_{\mathrm{Ricflat}}[Y^{\Gamma}]\) on the same manifold, that has the same isomteries and is asymptotically locally ALE are different, yet they coincide on the exceptional divisor \(\mathcal{ED}\). They study the cases \(\Gamma = \mathbb{Z}_{3}\) and \(\Gamma = \mathbb{Z}_{4}\). In the \(\mathbb{Z}_{3}\) case, they are able to construct explicitly the Kähler potential for the Ricci flat metric on \(Y^{\Gamma} = \mathrm{tot} K_{\mathbb{P}^{2}} = \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}(-3)\) with the correct asymptotic behaviour and isometries via proving the following theorem. Theorem 3.1. Let \(\mathcal{M}_{n}\) be a compact \(n\)-dimensional Kähler manifold admitting a dense open coordinate pacth \(z_{i},\, i=1,\dots,n\) which we can identify with the total space of the line bundle \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{n-1}}(-n)\), the bundle structure being exposed by the coordinate transformation: \[z_{i}=u_{i}w^{1/n} \quad , \quad (i=1,\dots,n-1) \quad ; \quad z_{n} = w^{1/n} \] where \(u_{i}\) is a set of inhomogeneous coordinates for \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\). the Kähler potential \(\mathcal{K}_{n}\) of a \(\mathrm{U}(n)\) isometric Kähler metric on \(\mathcal{M}_{n}\) must necessarily be a real function of the unique real variable \(\Sigma = \sum_{i=1}^{n}|z_{i}|^{2}\). If we require that metric should be Ricci-flat, the Kähler potential is uniquely defined and is the following one: \[ \mathcal{K}_{n} = k + \frac{ (\Sigma^{n} + l^{n})^{-\frac{n-1}{n}} \left( (n-1)(\Sigma^{n} + l^{n}) - l^{n}(\Sigma^{-n}l^{n}+1)^{\frac{n-1}{n}} {}_{2}F_{1}(\frac{n-1}{n},\frac{n-1}{n},\frac{2n-1}{n};-l^{n}\Sigma^{-n}) \right) }{n-1} \] where \(k\) is an irrelevant additive constant and \(l>0\) is a constant that can be reabsorbed by rescaling all the complex coordinates by a factor \(l\), namely \(z_{i} \rightarrow l\tilde{z}_{i}\) They compare this directly with the Kähler potential and metric induced by the generalised Kronheimer construction and show that they are not equal on the total space \(\mathrm{tot}K_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}\). They also compare the metrics restricted to the exceptional divisor \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). They do so by moving to a set of convenient toric coordinates \(u,v,w\) (given by equation (3.39)) where the exceptional divisor is defined by \(|w|^{2}=0\). They show that, up to an irrelevant additive constant and multiplicative constant, the Kähler potentials agree. In the \(\mathbb{Z}_{4}\) case, the total resolution is given by the canonical bundle of the second Hirzebruch surface \(\mathrm{tot}K_{\mathbb{F}_{2}}\) and a partial resolution is given by \(\mathrm{tot}K_{\mathbb{W}P[112]}\). They try to construct Ricci flat Kähler metrics on these total spaces that are asymptotically given by the cone over \(S^{5}/\mathbb{Z}_{4}\) and has isometries \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{U}(1)\times \mathrm{U}(1)\). They start by building Kähler metrics with the right isometries which depend only on two real functions \(\Upsilon(s),P(t)\). They show that for the choice of functions \[ \Upsilon(s) = \sqrt{\frac{-s}{\tfrac{2}{3}s^{2} - s + 3}} \qquad P(t) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{-\tfrac{2}{3}t^{2}-t}} \] the induced metric is a Ricci flat metric on \(\mathrm{tot}K_{\mathbb{W}P[112]}\) with the correct asymptotics and they derive a closed form expression for the symplectic potential of this metric. The metric on the exceptional divisor \(\mathbb{W}P[112]\) is found by setting \(s=-3\). Using previous results on the Kronheimer construction, they construct the Kähler potential on \(\mathbb{F}_{2}\), the exceptional divisor on the total resolution, in terms of the real variable \(t\) and a parameter \(\alpha\) describing the ratio of the volumes of the two cycles on \(\mathbb{F}_{2}\). In the degenerate limit \(\alpha = 0\), they show that you indeed recover the Kähler potential of the singular space \(\mathbb{W}P[112]\) derived from the Ricci flat metric on \(\mathrm{tot}K_{\mathbb{W}P[112]}\). Finally, they derive the Monge-Ampére equation for a Ricci flat metric on the total space with the correct isometries. This is a partial differential equation in the Kähler potential or the symplectic potential and they show that one can define a series solution that is uniquely determined order by order in the value of the potential on the exceptional divisor. They find the series solution for the degenerate \(\alpha=0\) case, and show that the symplectic potential found for the Ricci flat metric on \(\mathrm{tot}K_{\mathbb{W}P[112]}\) satisfies the equation, hence giving the unique solution. While they are not able to produce an exact solution for general \(\alpha\) and hence the smooth space \(\mathrm{tot}K_{\mathbb{F}_{2}}\), they are able to find a series solution. This work argues that one can find the Ricci flat metric on the crepant resolution of a quotient singularity \(\mathbb{C}^{3}/\Gamma\) via the Kronheimer construction by using the Monge-Ampére equation as above. This then implies that both the field theory and the dual gravity solution are determined by the McKay quiver which hence encodes the duality. There is a typo on page 20 where `complexification \(\mathcal{F}_{\mathbb{Z}_{3}}\)' should read `complexification \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathbb{Z}_{3}}\)'.